Lesson 6.3 Origin and Evolution of the Universe Answers

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Scientists discovered that stars in the universe are mostly composed of which elements?

A
hydrogen and helium
B
hydrogen and oxygen
C
oxygen and nitrogen
D
helium and nitrogen
2
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According to the big bang theory, which describes the universe before the actual big bang occurred?

A
multiple, cold, dense points, each larger than the Sun
B
multiple, hot, dense points, each smaller than an atom
C
single, cold, dense point larger than the Sun
D
single, hot, dense point smaller than an atom
3

The presence of which element would indicate that a star is going through a high-mass star life cycle as opposed to a low-mass star life cycle?

A
hydrogen
B
carbon
C
helium
D
iron
4

Which of these forms as part of the life cycles of both low-mass and high-mass stars as a result of a star-forming nebula collapsing and spinning?

A
protostar
B
black hole
C
supernova
D
white dwarf
5

The chart shows characteristics of stars.Sirius is a blue-white star with a surface temperature of about 9800 K.What is most likely the mass of Sirius?

Question illustration
A
1.0 solar mass
B
1.4 solar mass
C
2.0 solar mass
D
12 solar mass
6

Kathy drew a timeline to show some of the major events that occurred during the evolution of the universe.Which best describes Kathy’s error?

Question illustration
A
Quarks and electrons formed at 10–35 s, not 10–10 s.
B
Protons formed first, then neutrons formed at 100 s.
C
Nebulae formed around 109 y after hydrogen and helium formed.
D
Hydrogen and helium were created at 3000 s, before nebulae formed.
7

After the supernova in a star’s life cycle, what else is formed in addition to a nebula?

A
red giant or protostar
B
neutron star or red giant
C
protostar or black hole
D
black hole or neutron star
8

Daniel observed and compared some stars at night and recorded his observations in a chart.Daniel later discovered that star X is farther away from Earth than the other stars he observed, and star Z is closest to Earth.

Question illustration
A
Star X is more luminous than both stars Y and Z.
B
Star X is more luminous than star Z, but not star Y.
C
Star Y is more luminous than star X.
D
Star Z is more luminous than star Y.
9

Which describes redshifts? Check all that apply.

A
The light source and observer move closer together.
B
Observed light shifts to a longer wavelength.
C
They indicate receding galaxies.
D
Observed light shifts to a shorter wavelength.
E
The light source and observer move farther apart.
F
They indicate approaching galaxies.
10

Bethany and Joquin are discussing theories about the universe. Bethany believes that since the beginning of the universe, galaxies have been moving, and will continue to move, toward Earth. Joquin argues that galaxies have been moving away from Earth.

A
nucleosynthesis
B
cosmic microwave background radiation
C
composition of stars
D
redshift

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