Answers2003390-Physics 1 Honors Sem. 1 - PetersEarth-Moon-Sun System

Lesson 7: Earth-Moon-Sun System Answers

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Which quantities decrease as the distance between a planet and the Sun increases? Check all that apply.

A
tangential speed
B
mass
C
gravitational force
D
area swept out in a day
E
distance traveled in a day
2
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The solar mass of the Sun is 1. The orbital period of Jupiter is 11.9 Earth years.

A
5.2 AU
B
41 AU
C
52 AU
D
410 AU
3

Based on Kepler’s work, which best describes the orbit of a planet around the Sun?

A
a circle with the Sun at the very center
B
an ellipse with the Sun at the very center
C
a circle with the Sun at one edge
D
an ellipse with the Sun at one focus
4

To solve a problem using the equation for Kepler’s third law, Enrico must convert the average distance of Mars from the Sun from meters into astronomical units.

A
multiply the average distance by 1.5 × 1011
B
multiply 1.5 × 1011 by the average distance
C
divide the average distance by 1.5 × 1011
D
divide 1.5 × 1011 by the average distance
5

The image shows how Earth orbits the Sun. Points W and X are the same distance from the Sun.

Question illustration
A
Earth is speeding up at W and slowing down at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.
B
Earth is slowing down at W and speeding up at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.
C
The speed of Earth is the same at W as at X because the force on Earth is the same at W as at X.
D
The speed of Earth is greater at W than at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.
6

What is an astronomical unit (AU)?

A
the diameter of the Sun
B
the radius of the Sun
C
the average distance between Earth and its moon
D
the average distance between Earth and the Sun
7

The mass of the Sun is 2 × 1030 kg, and the mass of Saturn is 5.68 × 1026 kg. The distance between Saturn and the Sun is 9.58 AU. Veronica is solving the following equation to calculate the orbital period of Saturn, but there is an error in the equation.T = What should Veronica change to correct the equation?

Question illustration
A
change the position of 2 x 1030 kg and 9.58 AU
B
change 2 x 1030 kg to 5.68 x 1026 kg
C
change the square root to a cube root
D
change 9.58 AU to the distance in meters
8

The image shows how Earth orbits the Sun. Points W and X are the same distance from the Sun.

Question illustration
A
Earth is speeding up at W and slowing down at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.
B
Earth is slowing down at W and speeding up at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.
C
The speed of Earth is the same at W as at X because the force on Earth is the same at W as at X.
D
The speed of Earth is greater at W than at X because the force on Earth is greater at W than at X.
9

Which best describes how Johannes Kepler developed his laws of planetary motion?

A
He calculated the gravitational force on orbiting bodies.
B
He debated with Copernicus who proposed the heliocentric model.
C
He examined the motions of planets through a telescope.
D
He analyzed data collected by Tycho Brahe.
10

Phobos orbits Mars in 27,553 s at a distance of 9.378 × 106 m. What is the mass of Mars?

A
2.58 × 1011 kg
B
2.05 × 1023 kg
C
6.43 × 1023 kg
D
1.09 × 1030 kg
11

The mass of the Sun is 2 × 1030 kg, and the distance between Neptune and the Sun is 30 AU. What is the orbital period of Neptune in Earth years?

A
30 Earth years
B
164 Earth years
C
3.8 × 1011 Earth years
D
2.3 × 1017 Earth years
12

Dewayne reviews Kepler’s laws by making the table shown. Which label belongs in each cell of the table?

Question illustration
A
W: FirstX: SecondY: Third
B
W: ThirdX: SecondY: First
C
W: ThirdX: FirstY: Second
D
W: SecondX: ThirdY: First
13

Which statements describe the relationship of Earth and its moon? Check all that apply.

A
The moon orbits Earth following a nearly circular path.
B
The gravitational pull of Earth on the moon is parallel to the velocity of the moon.
C
The moon orbits Earth in 1 Earth day.
D
The same face of the moon always points toward Earth.
E
The moon’s orbit is the result of the interaction between the moon’s inertia and the gravitational force from Earth.

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