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Modern Physics — Test Answers

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Which transition by an electron will release the greatest amount of energy?

A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
3
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A student analyzes the emission spectrum of an unknown element and observes strong lines at the wavelengths: 656 nm, 486 nm, 434 nm. Which absorption spectrum is the student most likely viewing?

A
Image with description A line spectrum with 3 black lines in purple, one black line in blue, 2 black lines in light blue, one black line in orange and one black line in orange-red.
B
Image with description A line spectrum with 4 black lines in blue, 6 black lines in green, 3 black lines in yellow and one black line in orange.
C
Image with description A line spectrum with 3 black lines in purple, 2 black lines in blue, 2 black lines in light blue, one black line in green and one black line in yellow.
D
Image with description A line spectrum with one black line in purple, blue, light blue and red.
4

Which gases are found in the unknown sample?

A
gases W and Z
B
gases X and Y
C
gases Z and Y
D
gases W and Y
5

Which best describes how to correct Wilam’s error?

A
The first result should state that frequencies of light that were lower than the frequency threshold of the metal could not eject electrons.
B
The third result should state that the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons depends only on the frequency of the photons.
C
The second result should state that as soon as light struck the metal, protons were ejected.
D
The second result should state that just before light struck the metal, electrons were ejected.
6

Which statement is supported by this scenario?

A
For Yanni, the speed of the ball is 15 meters per second , and for the quarterback, the speed of the ball is 8 meters per second .
B
For Yanni, the speed of the ball is 23 meters per second , and for the quarterback, the speed of the ball is 15 meters per second .
C
For both Yanni and the quarterback, the speed of the ball is 15 meters per second .
D
For both Yanni and the quarterback, the speed of the ball is 23 meters per second .
7

What is the best explanation for why a particle is striking point X?

A
If an alpha particle hits the gold foil, a gold nucleus splits and a particle from it flies out at point X.
B
The gold atoms contain negative electrons, so when alpha particles strike the gold they keep moving but in various directions.
C
Alpha particles are mostly empty space, so they move in random directions, and one of these alpha particles can strike point X.
D
When the dense, positive alpha particle passes close to a positive nucleus of gold, the alpha particle repels and hits the screen at point X.
8

Which phenomenon does Diego’s diagram illustrate?

A
gravitational lensing
B
gravitational time dilation
C
gravitational redshift
D
principle of equivalence
10

Which describes a relationship based on the general theory of relativity?

A
Acceleration in space and gravity on Earth have opposite effects on objects.
B
Acceleration in space and gravity on Earth have the same effects on objects.
C
Acceleration in space and magnetism on Earth have opposite effects on objects.
D
Acceleration in space and magnetism on Earth have the same effects on objects.
11

Which best explains a difference between Einstein’s general theory of relativity and his special theory of relativity?

A
His general theory applies only to uniform motion, but his special theory includes uniform and accelerated motion.
B
His general theory includes uniform and accelerated motion, but his special theory applies only to uniform motion.
C
His general theory includes uniform and accelerated motion, but his special theory applies only to accelerated motion.
D
His general theory applies only to accelerated motion, but his special theory includes uniform and accelerated motion.
12

J.J. Thompson is credited with discovering the

A
neutron.
B
proton.
C
nucleus.
D
electron.
16

Chris is studying the theories of Newton and Einstein. Which theory explains why gravity between two objects changes when the distance between them changes?

A
Einstein’s theory because he suggested that the more distance there is between objects, the more space-time curves and the greater the strength of gravity is
B
Einstein’s theory because he suggested that the more distance there is between objects, the more space-time curves and the weaker the strength of gravity is
C
Newton’s theory because he suggested that the greater the distance between objects, the greater the pull of gravity
D
Newton’s theory because he suggested that the greater the distance between objects, the weaker the pull of gravity
17

Heinrich Hertz used properties of which type of wave to support the idea that light is also made of waves?

A
gamma
B
infrared
C
microwave
D
radio
18

A photon has 8 point 0 times 10 to the negative 15 power cap j of energy. Planck’s constant is 6 point 6 3 times 10 to the negative 34 power times cap j times s What is the frequency of the photon?

A
1 point 2 1 times 10 to the 19th power Hz
B
1 point 2 1 times 10 to the negative 19 power Hz
C
8 point 3 times 10 to the negative 20 power Hz
D
8 point 3 times 10 to the 20th power Hz
19

What is the main difference between the Schrödinger model and the Bohr atomic model?

A
Bohr believed electron orbits were circular, but Schrödinger’s equations represent complex shapes describing the probable locations of electrons.
B
Schrödinger believed that electrons could only exist in orbits, but Bohr stated that electrons could be found anywhere in the atom.
C
The Bohr model did not explain the emission and absorption spectrum, but the energy levels described by Schrödinger explained this property.
D
Bohr believed that the electrons circle the nucleus because positive particles attract negative particles, while Schrödinger believed that an electron was a wave.
20

Which statement best describes the ideas of two scientists who studied properties of light?

A
Newton and Maxwell had similar ideas about light being made of particles.
B
Huygens agreed with Maxwell that light has properties of both particles and waves.
C
Young supported Newton’s idea of the wave theory of light after observing light spread out in all directions.
D
Hertz extended Maxwell’s idea that light is produced by the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.
21

Which describes what an outside observer at rest would observe about a spaceship that speeds up and approaches the speed of light?

A
Time moves more slowly on the spaceship, and the length of the spaceship increases.
B
Time moves more slowly on the spaceship, and the length of the spaceship decreases.
C
Time moves faster on the spaceship, and the length of the spaceship decreases.
D
Time moves faster on the spaceship, and the length of the spaceship increases.
22

Which describes the results of the double slit experiment? Choose two correct answers.

A
Waves produced a diffraction pattern.
B
Beams of light separated as they passed through a prism.
C
Results supported the wave theory of light.
D
Results supported the particle theory of light.
E
Results demonstrated the relationship between electric and magnetic fields.
23

Which statement is supported by Einstein’s postulates of special relativity?

A
The laws of physics change, depending on the reference frame of the observer.
B
The laws of physics change, depending on the state of motion of the observer.
C
The speed of light through empty space depends on the state of motion of the observer.
D
The speed of light through empty space is constant regardless of the state of motion of the observer.
24

Which colors will eject electrons when they strike sodium, which has a frequency threshold of 5 point 7 times 10 to the 14th power Hz ?

A
red and orange
B
violet and green
C
red, violet, green, and orange
D
violet only
25

Which statement is supported by this scenario?

A
The person in the helicopter will observe the speed of the spy as 95 kilometers per hour , and the person in the car will observe the speed of the spy as 105 kilometers per hour .
B
The spotter above the tunnel will observe the speed of the spy as 95 kilometers per hour , and the person in the car will observe the speed of the spy as 200 kilometers per hour .
C
The person in the helicopter and the spotter above the tunnel will both observe the speed of the person on the train as 95 kilometers per hour .
D
The person in the car and the spotter above the tunnel will both observe the speed of the person on the train as 95 kilometers per hour .

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