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Nation Building and Sectionalism — Test Answers

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How did the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 affect the labor of enslaved people in the South?

A
Although the cotton gin affected the tasks performed by enslaved workers, the number of workers needed remained constant.
B
Because the cotton gin was so efficient, plantation owners needed fewer enslaved workers to produce cotton.
C
Because the cotton gin processed cotton so quickly, farmers needed increasing numbers of enslaved workers.
D
Although the cotton gin did not alter the tasks performed by enslaved workers, the number of workers sharply increased.
2
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In the 1800s, the Know-Nothing Party worked to accomplish which of these?

A
restrictions on immigration
B
religious freedom for Catholics
C
better working conditions in factories
D
better working conditions on farms
3

What was one effect of settlers bringing herds of sheep and cattle to the West in the mid-1800s?

A
Water supplies were polluted.
B
Indigenous people benefited.
C
Diseases were spread.
D
Native grasses were destroyed.
4

In the mid-1800s, one result of Manifest Destiny was that

A
the nation elected a president who was a member of the Whig Party.
B
the northern boundary of the United States was set at 54 degrees 40 minutes .
C
the United States and Great Britain went to war in 1846.
D
the traditional Indigenous way of life was threatened.
5

A group that was part of the Free-Soil Party was made up of

A
Southern Democrats.
B
anti-abolitionists.
C
antislavery Whigs.
D
Republicans.
6

The cotton gin sped up the production of cotton by

A
planting cotton seeds in neat rows for cultivation.
B
separating the seeds from the cotton plant quickly.
C
picking cotton without damaging the cotton plants.
D
packing cotton fiber into bales for shipment to mills.
7

Which of these challenges did pioneers typically face on the Santa Fe Trail in the mid-1800s?

A
desert sand that slowed wagons to a crawl
B
harsh winter snows that trapped travelers
C
heavy rainstorms that washed away roads
D
high, rugged mountains that were hard to cross
8

One demand of the abolition movement, which grew out of the Second Great Awakening, was

A
the immediate freeing of all enslaved people.
B
the gradual freeing of some enslaved people.
C
an increase in the African slave trade.
D
a restoration of the African slave trade.
9

Between 1820 and 1850, many immigrants came to the United States from Germany. What prompted them to leave their home country?

A
German immigrants were seeking work and political freedom.
B
Germany was in the midst of a fierce war with France.
C
Over a million Germans had died from starvation and disease.
D
Most of the important food crops in Germany had died.
10

Why did California’s application for statehood cause a sectional crisis?

A
Its entrance as a free state would upset the balance in favor of the North.
B
Its entrance a slave state would cause free African Americans there to lose their freedom.
C
Its entrance as free state would cause enslaved people there to be automatically freed.
D
Its entrance as a slave state would upset the balance in favor of the South.
11

Enslaved people who were house workers often

A
cleared the land.
B
repaired buildings.
C
worked as mechanics.
D
took care of children.
12

Prior to the development of interchangeable parts,

A
harvesting and other agricultural work was all done by hand.
B
parts used to manufacture goods were custom made.
C
most parts were made in American factories in the South.
D
the French led the world in the Industrial Revolution.
13

How did the Missouri Compromise attempt to settle the issue of slavery?

A
It declared that slavery would be forbidden in all Northern states.
B
It decided that the use of enslaved labor would not be allowed in Missouri.
C
It allowed the people in the new territories to decide the issue of slavery.
D
It divided the land into areas where slavery would and would not be allowed.
14

Who crafted the Missouri Compromise, which was passed in 1820?

A
Stephen Austin
B
Henry Clay
C
Thomas Jefferson
D
James Tallmadge
15

What was one effect of Santa Anna’s rise to power in the 1830s?

A
Texas revolted and declared independence from Mexico.
B
Independent Mexican states gained more power and control.
C
Santa Anna outlawed slavery in all of Mexico’s territories.
D
Texas was taken over by Mexico and became part of that country.
16

Abraham Lincoln objected to the Kansas-Nebraska Act because he thought

A
the repeal of the Missouri Compromise was wrong.
B
the Missouri Compromise should be passed instead.
C
the act would force Northerners to track fugitive slaves.
D
the issue of popular sovereignty should be respected.
17

What was the greatest challenge cities faced as a result of rapid industrialization in the 1800s?

A
providing enough city services to protect and support new citizens
B
attracting skilled laborers to work in new and developing factories
C
establishing shipping for raw materials and manufactured goods
D
convincing factory owners to move their businesses to the cities
18

What did Stephen Douglas propose that helped pass the Compromise of 1850?

A
Congress would vote on each measure individually.
B
The slave trade would not be addressed.
C
California would be admitted to the Union as a slave state.
D
The Free-Soil Party would be given votes in Congress.
19

What was the nullification crisis?

A
a states’ rights issue started by South Carolina
B
a states’ rights issue started by Kentucky
C
an antislavery issue started by Missouri
D
an antislavery issue started by Massachusetts
20

The South’s resentment of the tariffs of the American System was an example of

A
federalism.
B
sectionalism.
C
compromise.
D
states’ rights.

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