Which sentence contains a verbal phrase acting as a noun?

In “My objective was writing an eloquent speech,” the phrase “writing an eloquent speech” is a gerund phrase: “writing” is a verb form ending in -ing, and it takes the object “an eloquent speech.” The entire phrase acts as a noun, identifying what the objective was. In the other sentences, the verbal phrases function as modifiers or are not verbal phrases acting as nouns.

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