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Nuclear Physics — Test Answers

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Which quality is desirable for a radioisotope that is used for medical imaging of a specific organ? Choose three correct answers.

A
emission of alpha particles
B
emission of gamma rays
C
ability to be attached to a compound used by the body
D
ability to pass through the body without being absorbed
E
half-life of several days
F
half-life of several years
G
half-life of several seconds
2
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In which range is the peak wavelength of a star that is much hotter than the Sun most likely to be?

A
microwaves
B
ultraviolet light
C
infrared radiation
D
radio waves
3

Light is produced by which fundamental force?

A
electromagnetic
B
weak nuclear
C
gravitational
D
strong nuclear
4

What is the attractive force between all matter in the universe?

A
strong nuclear
B
gravitational
C
electromagnetic
D
weak nuclear
5

Carla sees an equation that models a nuclear change. 1 squared cap h plus 1 cubed cap h to 2 to the 4th power He plus 0 to the 1th power n Which nuclear process does the equation illustrate?

A
nuclear fusion, because the equation shows a hydrogen nucleus breaking apart and releasing a neutron
B
nuclear fission, because the equation shows two hydrogen nuclei combining to form a helium nucleus
C
nuclear fusion, because the equation shows two hydrogen nuclei combining to form a helium nucleus
D
nuclear fission, because the equation shows a hydrogen nucleus breaking apart and releasing a neutron
6

Which is the best predictor of the radioactive nature of an isotope?

A
the neutron-to-electron ratio
B
the proton-to-electron ratio
C
the electron-to-proton ratio
D
the neutron-to-proton ratio
7

The use of radioisotope imaging is best suited for which procedure?

A
to pinpoint blockages in very small blood vessels
B
to detect a small metal fragment embedded in the thigh
C
to help place a stent in a heart patient’s artery
D
to monitor the function of an enzyme in the cells of the pancreas
8

Which are associated with nuclear fission but are not associated with nuclear fusion? Choose three correct answers.

A
neutrons striking nuclei
B
the release of large amounts of energy
C
a single large nucleus breaking apart
D
two small nuclei forming
E
two small nuclei joining together
9

In the Sun, which element is the result of the fusion of hydrogen?

A
oxygen
B
carbon
C
helium
D
photon
10

What hazard is associated with ionizing radiation?

A
It undergoes radioactive decay, which can damage DNA in cells.
B
It causes radiation sickness as a result of any exposure.
C
It creates charged particles that can take part in chemical reactions in cells.
D
It destroys atoms in molecules, which can cause genetic mutations.
11

What is the relationship between radiopharmaceuticals, tracers, and radionuclides?

A
A tracer is part of a radionuclide, which functions as a radiopharmaceutical.
B
A radionuclide is part of a radiopharmaceutical, which functions as a tracer.
C
A radiopharmaceutical is part of a radionuclide, which functions as a tracer.
D
A tracer is part of a radiopharmaceutical, which functions as a radionuclide.
13

What is the first step of the hydrogen fusion process?

A
2 cubed He plus 2 cubed He rightarrow 2 to the 4th power He plus 2 times open paren 1 to the 1th power cap h close paren plus energy
B
1 to the 1th power cap h plus 1 to the 1th power cap h rightarrow 1 squared cap h plus e raised to the plus plus v power plus energy
C
6 times open paren 1 to the 1th power cap h close paren plus 2 times open paren negative 1 to the 0 power e close paren rightarrow 2 to the 4th power He plus 2 times open paren 1 to the 1th power cap h close paren plus energy plus 2 v
D
1 squared cap h plus 1 to the 1th power cap h rightarrow 2 cubed cap h e plus energy
14

Which characteristic is shared by all four fundamental forces?

A
infinite range
B
large range
C
repulsion
D
attraction
15

Which best describes fusion nuclear reactors?

A
They are currently used for electricity in several highly populated countries.
B
They are used in some naval vessels, such as submarines.
C
They use rods containing uranium for fuel.
D
They have been successful, but they are very expensive to operate.
16

Which change occurs when an atom undergoes alpha decay?

A
The nucleus loses energy and remains the same element.
B
The nucleus loses a neutron and remains the same element.
C
The nucleus loses mass and a new element is produced.
D
The nucleus gains a proton and a new element is produced.
17

How is mass-energy equivalence demonstrated in the Sun?

A
Hydrogen nuclei form from smaller nuclei by absorbing a large amount of energy and converting it into a small amount of mass.
B
Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a larger nucleus by absorbing a large amount of energy and converting it into a small amount of mass.
C
Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form a larger nucleus, and a small amount of mass is converted into energy.
D
Hydrogen nuclei form from smaller nuclei, and a small amount of mass is converted into energy.
18

Radioisotopes often emit one or more types of radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. The distance the radiation travels through matter before being absorbed increases in order from alpha to gamma. Which statement describes the best radioisotope that can be used for radioisotope imaging and for radionuclide therapy?

A
It emits only alpha particles.
B
It emits only gamma rays.
C
It emits alpha and beta particles.
D
It emits beta particles and gamma rays.
19

Which nuclear process does the model illustrate?

A
nuclear fusion, because nuclei combine
B
nuclear fission, because nuclei combine
C
nuclear fusion, because a nucleus breaks apart
D
nuclear fission, because a nucleus breaks apart
20

Which describes the error in her chart?

A
The weak nuclear force keeps particles that make up neutrons and electrons together, not neutrons and protons.
B
The strong nuclear force must be strong enough to overcome the repulsive force of protons, not electrons.
C
The weak nuclear force is responsible for alpha and beta decay, not just beta decay.
D
The strong nuclear force keeps protons and electrons together in an atom, not protons and neutrons.
21

In which layer should Bettina draw the arrow?

A
cap w
B
cap x
C
cap y
D
cap z

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