Answers2627 EARTH SPACE SCIENCE AStar Systems and Galaxies

Origin and Evolution of the Universe Answers

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Which occurred before nucleosynthesis began? Check all that apply.

A
universe became transparent
B
quarks started to form
C
inflationary expansion occurred
D
electrons started to form
E
stars were born
2
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According to the big bang theory, which describes the universe before the actual big bang occurred?

A
multiple, cold, dense points, each larger than the Sun
B
multiple, hot, dense points, each smaller than an atom
C
single, cold, dense point larger than the Sun
D
single, hot, dense point smaller than an atom
3

Kathy drew a timeline to show some of the major events that occurred during the evolution of the universe.Which best describes Kathy’s error?

Question illustration
A
Quarks and electrons formed at 10–35 s, not 10–10 s.
B
Protons formed first, then neutrons formed at 100 s.
C
Nebulae formed around 109 y after hydrogen and helium formed.
D
Hydrogen and helium were created at 3000 s, before nebulae formed.
4

What is the origin of all stars?

A
supernova
B
dwarfs
C
protostars
D
nebulae
5

The Hertzsprung-Russel diagram is used to show the relationship between which two characteristics of stars?

A
luminosity and temperature
B
mass and luminosity
C
temperature and mass
D
mass and color
6

Scientists discovered that stars in the universe are mostly composed of which elements?

A
hydrogen and helium
B
hydrogen and oxygen
C
oxygen and nitrogen
D
helium and nitrogen
7

Which shows the correct order of events during the process of nucleosynthesis?

A
hydrogen nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed, helium nucleus formed
B
helium nucleus formed, hydrogen nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed
C
hydrogen nucleus formed, helium nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed
D
helium nucleus formed, isotope of hydrogen, tritium formed, hydrogen nucleus formed
8

Which of these forms as part of the life cycles of both low-mass and high-mass stars as a result of a star-forming nebula collapsing and spinning?

A
protostar
B
black hole
C
supernova
D
white dwarf
9

Victor drew a diagram to show the life cycle of a low-mass star.

Question illustration
A
red supergiant
B
black hole
C
white dwarf
D
supernova
10

Alana drew a diagram to compare the life cycles of low-mass and high-mass stars.

Question illustration
A
X: Nuclear fusion forms hydrogen in the main sequence star.Y: A white dwarf is part of the cycle.Z: A supernova is part of the cycle.
B
X: A white dwarf is part of the cycle.Y: Nuclear fusion forms hydrogen in the main sequence star.Z: A supernova is part of the cycle.
C
X: A protostar is part of the cycle.Y: It begins in a nebula.Z: nuclear fusion forms hydrogen in the main sequence star.
D
X: It begins in a nebula.Y: Nuclear fusion forms hydrogen in the main sequence star.Z: A protostar is part of the cycle.

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