Practice Exam Answers

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3

Which process is the opposite of inbreeding?

A
hybridization
B
pollination
C
seed production
D
genetic engineering
5

Which is not something that occurs in translation?

A
A molecule of mRNA is formed.
B
A peptide bond is created.
C
An amino acid is added to a polypeptide.
D
A codon and an anticodon pair.
8

Which accurately describes the relationship between cancer risk and exposure to mutagens?

A
Cancer risk decreases when a person is exposed to mutagens because the risk of DNA mutations increases considerably.
B
Cancer risk increases when a person is exposed to mutagens because the risk of DNA mutations decreases considerably.
C
Cancer risk decreases when a person is exposed to mutagens because the risk of DNA mutation decreases as well.
D
Cancer risk increases when a person is exposed to mutagens because the risk of DNA mutations increases as well.
9

Two cells in the same organism differ only in the number of chloroplasts they contain. The first cell has multiple chloroplasts, and the second cell has very few. What would most likely characterize these cells?

A
There would be no difference between the functioning of the cells because the chloroplasts are not essential cell structures.
B
The second cell would shrink because it would not be able to store water and maintain cell shape.
C
The second cell would become larger because it would have fewer chloroplasts regulating its size and shape.
D
The second cell would not be able to produce as much food because it could not capture very much sunlight.
11

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder. It is a recessive trait that is determined by two alleles. Suppose two parents each carry at least one recessive allele, but neither of them has cystic fibrosis. Which statement reflects the likelihood of a child of these parents having cystic fibrosis?

A
The child may or may not have the disease because the disease does not depend on the alleles of the parents.
B
The child may or may not have the disease because a recessive gene from each parent may be passed on.
C
The child will have the disease because only recessive alleles will be passed on.
D
The child cannot have the disease because only the dominant alleles will be passed on.
13

Which statement best distinguishes the light-dependent (L-D) reactions from the light-independent (L-IND) reactions?

A
The L-D reactions occur in the cytoplasm, and the L-IND reactions occur in the chloroplast.
B
The L-D reactions occur in the stroma, and the L-IND reactions occur in the cytoplasm.
C
The L-D reactions occur in the chloroplast, and the L-IND reactions occur in the mitochondria.
D
The L-D reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane, and the L-IND reactions occur in the stroma.
14

Round seeds and yellow seed color are dominant to wrinkled seeds and green seed color. Which Punnett square represents the correct way to set up the cross RRYy times RrYY ?

A
Image with description A 4-column Punnett square has 4 rows. The columns are labeled Upper R Upper Y, Upper R y, r Upper Y, r y. The rows are labeled Upper R Upper Y, Upper R y, r Upper y, r y.
B
Image with description A 4-column Punnett square has 4 rows. The columns are labeled Upper R Upper Y, Upper R Upper Y, r Upper Y, r Upper Y. The rows are labeled Upper R Upper Y, Upper R Upper Y, Upper R Upper Y, Upper R Upper y.
C
Image with description A 4-column Punnett square has 4 rows. The columns are labeled Upper R Upper Y, Upper R Upper Y, r Upper Y, r Upper Y. The rows are labeled Upper R Upper Y, Upper R y, Upper R Upper Y, Upper R y.
D
Image with description A 4-column Punnett square has 4 rows. The columns are labeled Upper R Upper Y, Upper R y, r Upper Y, r y. The rows are labeled Upper R Upper Y, Upper R y, Upper R Upper y, Upper R y.
17

Jenna heard a family story about Great Grandfather Frederick who died of a lung disease, but no one knows which lung disease it was. How could a genetic counselor help Jenna?

A
recommend that Jenna be tested for lung function
B
take a family history and suggest genetic testing
C
have Jenna research lung diseases at a medical library
D
suggest that Jenna have a yearly general physical checkup
18

Which best illustrates the result of the process of meiosis?

A
A Labrador puppy looks exactly like its father.
B
A daughter looks different from both her mother and her father.
C
A pea plant has the same flower color as its parent plants.
D
A cheetah cub has very similar fur to its mother.
19

Which statement best describes the overall change that occurs as a result of mitosis?

A
One cell becomes two cells that have identical copies of DNA.
B
Two cells become two cells that have different copies of DNA.
C
One cell becomes two cells that have different copies of DNA.
D
Two cells become two cells that have identical copies of DNA.

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