AnswersPhysicsThermodynamics and Nuclear Energy

Practice Test Answers

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Which statement best explains who is incorrect?

A
Chen is incorrect because heat engines illustrate only the first law of thermodynamics.
B
Mia is incorrect because machines and engines can never be 100 percent efficient.
C
Chen is incorrect because in heat engines thermal energy flows from cool to warm areas.
D
Mia is incorrect because heat engines illustrate only the second law of thermodynamics.
3

Which best describes the relationship between internal energy and thermal energy?

A
Internal energy is a measure of the thermal energy of a substance.
B
Thermal energy is a measure of the internal energy of a substance.
C
Thermal energy is the portion of internal energy that can be transferred.
D
Internal energy is the portion of thermal energy that can be transferred.
4

According to the first law of thermodynamics, what could happen when heat is added to a system?

A
Some of the energy in the system is destroyed.
B
New energy is created within the system.
C
The heat is turned into work done by the system.
D
The internal energy of the system decreases.
5

Substance X transfers thermal energy to substance Y through conduction. What is an accurate conclusion about the condition of both substances before conduction occurred?

A
Their molecules had the same amount of energy.
B
The substances were the same temperature.
C
Substance X’s molecules were faster than substance Y’s.
D
Substance X was cooler than substance Y.
6

Which best describes Jin's error?

A
For step 1, he should have used 180 J as the change in internal energy.
B
For step 1, he should have subtracted 78 J from 180 J to find the change in internal energy.
C
For step 2, he should have subtracted the change in internal energy from the energy used to do work.
D
For step 2, he should have subtracted the energy used to do work from the change in internal energy.
7

What error did Mimi make?

A
The changes to the nucleus are reversed.
B
The changes to atomic number are reversed.
C
No change in mass number occurs in beta minus decay.
D
A proton is released in beta plus decay.
8

Which labels belong in the regions marked X, Y, and Z?

A
X: One or more neutrons is released Y: A larger nucleus forms Z: Large amounts of energy are released
B
X: Smaller nuclei form Y: Thermal energy is produced Z: A larger nucleus forms
C
X: A larger nucleus forms Y: Large amounts of energy are released Z: Smaller nuclei form
D
X: Large amounts of energy are released Y: One or more neutrons is released Z: Smaller nuclei form
9

Which statement best explains who is incorrect?

A
Mia is incorrect because machines and engines can never be 100 percent efficient.
B
Chen is incorrect because heat engines illustrate only the first law of thermodynamics.
C
Mia is incorrect because heat engines illustrate only the second law of thermodynamics.
D
Chen is incorrect because in heat engines thermal energy flows from cool to warm areas.
12

Which statement is best supported by the data in the chart?

A
Substance Y will transfer thermal energy to substance Z through conduction if they are mixed.
B
Substance X will transfer thermal energy to substance Y mainly through radiation if they are mixed.
C
Substance W will transfer thermal energy to substance X through conduction if they are mixed.
D
Substance X will transfer thermal energy to substance W through radiation if they are placed near each other.

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