AnswersPhysical ScienceAtoms and Elements

Practice Test Answers

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1
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What surprising result is explained using this model?

A
Most positive particles passed through because they were attracted by the small particles moving around the center.
B
A few positive particles bounced back because they bounced off of the net formed by the ovals.
C
Most positive particles passed through because of the empty space between the outer edge and the center.
D
A few positive particles bounced back because they were pushed away from the positive center.
2
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What experimental evidence led to the development of this atomic model from the one before it?

A
A few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back off of the thin metallic foil.
B
Experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.
C
Cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.
D
Equations were used to identify regions around the nucleus where electrons would likely be.
3

What is an atomic nucleus?

A
the outer part of an atom in which neutrons move
B
the outer part of an atom in which electrons move
C
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and electrons
D
the central part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons
4

What best describes the states of nonmetals when they are at room temperature?

A
All nonmetals are gaseous unless they bond with a metal.
B
Most nonmetals are gaseous, but some are liquid or solid.
C
All nonmetals are solid unless they bond with a metal.
D
Most nonmetals are solids, but some are gaseous or liquid.
5

Which describes radioactive decay of a substance?

A
Isotopes are the most stable during the first half-life.
B
Isotopes are the least stable during the later half-lives.
C
More of the radioactivity is lost during the first half-life than in later half-lives.
D
More of the radioactivity is lost during the fourth half-life than in the first half-life.
6

An atom of the element chromium has an atomic number of 24 and a mass number of 52. How many electrons are in an uncharged atom of chromium?

A
28
B
24
C
0
D
52
7

Particle A has very little mass in comparison to Particle B. Both particles are in the same atom. Which is the best conclusion about Particles A and B?

A
Particle A has a positive charge, and Particle B is neutral.
B
They are located in the nucleus together.
C
They have the same charge.
D
Particle A orbits the nucleus, and Particle B is located in the nucleus.
8

Where are alkaline earth metals found on the periodic table?

A
Groups 3–12
B
Group 2
C
Group 1
D
Group 17
9

Isra is analyzing the properties of several samples of elements to find out which sample is a metalloid. Which set of properties most likely belongs only to a metalloid?

A
forms basic compounds and is a solid
B
is a gas and has low electrical conductivity
C
is brittle and forms acidic compounds
D
has a high luster and is very brittle
10

Which is the property of nonmetals to evaporate easily?

A
volatile
B
brittle
C
liquid
D
dense
11

The atomic number of beryllium Be is 4 , and the atomic number of barium Ba is 56 Which comparison is best supported by this information?

A
They are in the same group because their atomic numbers are each multiples of four, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
B
They are in the same group because they have similar chemical properties, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
C
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have very different atomic numbers.
D
They are in the same group because they have similar atomic masses, but they are in different periods because they have different chemical properties.
12

Who was the first chemist to organize elements by atomic number?

A
Henry Moseley
B
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
C
Antoine Lavoisier
D
John Newlands
13

Which radioactive isotopes did the Curies discover?

A
radium and carbon-14
B
carbon-14 and uranium
C
uranium and polonium
D
polonium and radium
14

Which element is most likely to carry electric current easily?

A
sulfur cap s
B
tin Sn
C
selenium Se
D
antimony Sb
15

Which statement describes the location of most metalloids on the periodic table?

A
The metalloids are located to the left of nonmetals and to the left of metals within a period.
B
The metalloids are located below metals and above nonmetals within a group.
C
The metalloids are located to the right of nonmetals and to the right of metals within a period.
D
The metalloids are located below nonmetals and above metals within a group.
16

Atoms of two different elements must have different

A
electrical charges.
B
energy levels.
C
atomic numbers.
D
numbers of neutrons.

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