AnswersCMS 2026-2027 Biology CREDIT RECOVERYDNA and Protein Synthesis

Practice Test Answers

18 verified answers
1
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Which diagram correctly shows how homozygous alleles are found on homologous chromosomes?

A
Image with description One chromosome with lowercase a and lowercase a at the same position.
B
Image with description Two homologous chromosomes with lowercase a on both at the same position.
C
Image with description One chromosome with uppercase A and lowercase a at the same position.
D
Image with description Two homologous chromosomes with uppercase A on one and lowercase a on the other at the same position.
2
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Photo 51 is a picture of the structure of DNA that was used to create a model of DNA. Who created the photo?

A
Erwin Chargaff
B
Rosalind Franklin
C
Friedrich Miescher
D
James Watson and Francis Crick
3

Which is an application of DNA technology in medicine?

A
determining specific traits that a baby will have before its conception
B
mapping human genes for manipulation
C
producing disease resistant humans
D
determining hereditary diseases in individuals and families
4

Which best describes a gene?

A
tightly coiled strands of DNA
B
the center of a chromosome
C
a segment of chromosomal DNA
D
the short arm of a chromosome
5

Which is an agent that causes a mutation in DNA or chromosomes?

A
nondisjunction
B
phenotype
C
karyotype
D
mutagen
6

Which base is found only in DNA?

A
guanine
B
adenine
C
thymine
D
cytosine
7

A strand of DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, cytosine, and guanine, in that order. Which would be the order of the bases on the opposite strand of DNA?

A
thymine, guanine, guanine, and cytosine
B
cytosine, adenine, adenine, and thymine
C
thymine, adenine, adenine, and cytosine
D
cytosine, thymine, thymine, and adenine
8

Which carries the code for protein synthesis from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm?

A
DNA
B
mRNA
C
rRNA
D
tRNA
9

Which carries the code for protein synthesis from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm?

A
DNA
B
mRNA
C
rRNA
D
tRNA
10

Missense, nonsense, and silent mutations are examples of which type of mutation?

A
replication
B
insertion
C
deletion
D
substitution
11

A mutation causes a sequence of DNA that has the nucleotides TTG to be changed to TCG. The resulting protein has a different sequence of amino acids. Which type of mutation is this?

A
frameshift
B
nonsense
C
missense
D
silent
12

Which best describes biotechnology?

A
DNA made by connecting fragments of DNA with desired traits from different DNA sources
B
the field of biology that uses genetic engineering to produce crops, pharmaceuticals, and enzymes for use in industry and manufacturing
C
the process of cutting DNA into fragments and inserting the fragments with a desired gene into another organism
D
the process of analyzing DNA samples to identify individuals involved in criminal activities
13

What does DNA provide the code for?

A
nucleotide synthesis
B
deoxyribose formation
C
nitrogenous base pairing
D
protein synthesis
14

A company has many genetically engineered poplar trees around its factories. Which best describes the poplar trees?

A
They are being used for disease resistance.
B
They have reduced the effectiveness of pesticides.
C
They are being used for phytoremediation.
D
They have transferred their genes to a nontarget species.
15

What will happen if RNA polymerase fails to attach to the promoter?

A
RNA polymerase will unwind DNA strands.
B
An mRNA strand will be made before translation begins.
C
Translation will begin early.
D
Transcription will not begin.
16

Corn can be injected with herbicide-tolerant recombinant DNA. Which type of organism is herbicide-tolerant corn?

A
transgenic organism
B
purebred organism
C
infertile organism
D
recombinant organism
17

Which best describes step 3 in the diagram?

A
Recombinant DNA is inserted into a mechanical vector; the mechanical vector allows the DNA to be inserted into the DNA clone for use in the host.
B
Recombinant DNA is inserted into a biological vector; the vector houses the recombinant DNA and can produce copies of DNA for itself and the recombinant DNA.
C
Restriction enzymes cut the DNA into fragments; the fragments join with the host DNA to create recombinant DNA.
D
Cloning of the recombinant DNA occurs; the DNA is cloned in the biological vector to create more DNA for use in the host.
18

What occurs at step 4 in the diagram?

A
The foreign DNA is placed in a biological vector for cloning.
B
The foreign DNA is isolated by restriction enzymes.
C
The foreign DNA is inserted into the host cell genome.
D
The foreign DNA is placed in a mechanical vector for cloning.

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