When individuals attempt to use old strategies that do not work when solving new problems, they are __________.
Summarize the six steps of the problem solving process.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The first step of the problem solving process is to identify and define the problem. The second step, which is to analyze the problem, involves gathering information, sorting through relevant and irrelevant information, and evaluating the source of the problem by asking the Five W’s: who, what, where, when, and why. The third step is to generate a broad range of solutions by using the brainstorming process. The fourth step, which is to select and plan the solution, involves evaluating each solution, eliminating all the solutions until one remains, and creating a plan of action for the solution. The fifth step of the problem solving process is to implement the solution. Last but not least, one should evaluate and monitor the solution’s progress. Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The first step of the problem solving process is to identify and define the problem. The second step, which is to analyze the problem, involves gathering information, sorting through relevant and irrelevant information, and evaluating the source of the problem by asking the Five W’s: who, what, where, when, and why. The third step is to generate a broad range of solutions by using the brainstorming process. The fourth step, which is to select and plan the solution, involves evaluating each solution, eliminating all the solutions until one remains, and creating a plan of action for the solution. The fifth step of the problem solving process is to implement the solution. Last but not least, one should evaluate and monitor the solution’s progress.
Briefly describe the three basic categories Jim Greeno created to classify problems.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Greeno classified problems into problems of inducing structure, problems of arrangement, and problems of transformation. Problems of inducing structure requires individuals to discover the relationship between various things relating to numbers, words, symbols, or ideas. Problems of arrangement requires individuals to arrange a problem in a specific way so a solution is obtained. Problems of transformation requires an individual to work out a problem through a sequence of steps. Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Greeno classified problems into problems of inducing structure, problems of arrangement, and problems of transformation. Problems of inducing structure requires individuals to discover the relationship between various things relating to numbers, words, symbols, or ideas. Problems of arrangement requires individuals to arrange a problem in a specific way so a solution is obtained. Problems of transformation requires an individual to work out a problem through a sequence of steps.
Describe the difference between divergent and convergent thinking, and explain which one is involved in creativity.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Convergent thinking narrows down a list of alternatives to converge on a single correct answer. Divergent thinking expands the number of alternatives by generating several possible solutions. Many theorists believe that creativity lies in divergent thinking and not convergent thinking. Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Convergent thinking narrows down a list of alternatives to converge on a single correct answer. Divergent thinking expands the number of alternatives by generating several possible solutions. Many theorists believe that creativity lies in divergent thinking and not convergent thinking.
Describe the difference in using an algorithm and a heuristic to solve a problem.
Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: When an individual uses an algorithm to solve a problem, they are using a step-by-step procedure that assists them in attempting all possible alternatives for a solution. When an individual is using a heuristic to solve a problem, they are using a guiding principle or rule that assists them in disregarding some solutions while using other alternatives. Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: When an individual uses an algorithm to solve a problem, they are using a step-by-step procedure that assists them in attempting all possible alternatives for a solution. When an individual is using a heuristic to solve a problem, they are using a guiding principle or rule that assists them in disregarding some solutions while using other alternatives.
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