AnswersChemistryProperties of Matter and Compounds

Properties of Matter and Compounds — Test Answers

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Which reason best explains why metals are shiny?

A
because their valence electrons absorb light
B
because their valence electrons move to higher energy levels
C
because their valence electrons reflect light
D
because their valence electrons oscillate between bands
2
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Which process is a chemical change?

A
boiling water
B
melting ice
C
breaking glass
D
burning a match
3

When applied to a dish, soap makes grease soluble in water. Which explanation correctly supports the role of intermolecular forces in this common observation?

A
The nonpolar end of a soap molecule attaches itself to grease.
B
The polar soap molecule attaches itself to a nonpolar soap molecule.
C
The nonpolar end of a soap molecule attaches itself to water.
D
The polar soap molecule attaches itself to the dish.
4

A substance is tested in a lab. It is found to maintain a unique shape and is a good conductor of electricity. If it is made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons, what state of matter is this substance most likely to be?

A
gas
B
plasma
C
solid
D
liquid
5

Malia was able to make a paperclip float on the surface of water. What will most likely happen to the paperclip if a drop of dishwashing detergent is added near it?

A
Soap is a surfactant that disrupts the intermolecular forces of water making the paperclip sink.
B
Soap makes the water more viscous allowing the paperclip to continue to float.
C
Soap makes the water less viscous making the paperclip sink.
D
Soap is a surfactant that increases the intermolecular forces of water allowing the paperclip to continue to float.
6

Which is the Lewis structure for cap h sub 3 PO sub 4 ?

A
Image with description A chemical structure diagram shows a central phosphorus (P) atom. Above the P atom, a single bond connects to a hydrogen (H) atom. To the left of the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it and two dots below it, and is single-bonded to a hydrogen (H) atom to its left. To the right of the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it and two dots below it, and is single-bonded to a hydrogen (H) atom to its right. Below the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots to its left, two dots to its right and two dots below it.
B
Image with description A chemical structure diagram shows a central phosphorus (P) atom. Above the P atom, a double bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it, two dots to its left and two dots to its right. To the left of the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it and two dots below it. To the left of this oxygen atom, a single bond connects to a hydrogen (H) atom. To the right of the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it and two dots below it. To the right of this oxygen atom, a single bond connects to a hydrogen (H) atom.
C
Image with description A chemical structure diagram shows a central phosphorus (P) atom. Above the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it, and is single-bonded to a hydrogen (H) atom to its left and another hydrogen (H) atom to its right. To the left of the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it and two dots below it. To the right of the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it and two dots below it. Below the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots to its left and two dots to its right, and is single-bonded to a hydrogen (H) atom below it.
D
Image with description A chemical structure diagram shows a central phosphorus (P) atom. Above the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it, and is single-bonded to a hydrogen (H) atom to its left and another hydrogen (H) atom to its right. To the left of the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it and two dots below it. To the right of the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots above it and two dots below it. Below the P atom, a single bond connects to an oxygen (O) atom. This oxygen atom has two dots to its left and two dots to its right, and is single-bonded to a hydrogen (H) atom below it.
7

Which statement is true about ionic compounds?

A
Solid ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity.
B
Ionic compounds have varying solubilities in water.
C
Ionic compounds have very low melting points.
D
Ionic compounds are very easy to bend.
8

Which is the best example of immiscible liquids?

A
two polar liquids that have high surface tensions
B
two nonpolar liquids that can dissolve into one another
C
a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid that have low surface tensions
D
a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid that do not dissolve into one another
9

Bromine gas in a container is heated over a flame. What happens to the average kinetic energy of the bromine particles?

A
It decreases slowly.
B
It increases quickly.
C
It decreases rapidly.
D
It remains the same.
10

The angle between the hydrogen atoms in water open paren cap h sub 2 cap o close paren is slightly less than expected for a tetrahedral shape. This is because of the

A
additional repulsion of the shared electrons.
B
extra electron repulsion from the lone pairs.
C
atomic radius of the oxygen atom.
D
extra repulsion of the hydrogen atoms.
11

A perfume bottle is dropped in the corner of a room and it shattered. The odor of the perfume can be detected on the other side of the room. Which statement best describes this observation?

A
Particles are moving through a small opening into a larger volume .
B
Particles are moving through a small opening into a smaller volume .
C
Particles are moving from regions of low concentration to high concentration.
D
Particles are moving from regions of high concentration to low concentration.
12

Which compound has the highest melting point?

A
Al sub 2 open paren CO sub 3 close paren sub 3
B
cap c sub 8 cap h sub 18
C
cap h sub 2 cap o
D
cap c sub 12 cap h sub 22 cap o sub 11
13

Which is an aspect of the kinetic-molecular theory and can be used to explain the behavior of plasmas?

A
Particle kinetic energy is independent of temperature.
B
Particles exchange energy through elastic collisions.
C
Particles vibrate quickly in stationary positions.
D
Particle spacing can allow a very high density.
14

The boron atom of BBr sub 3 has

A
two atomic orbitals.
B
four hybrid orbitals.
C
one atomic orbital.
D
three hybrid orbitals.
15

Which procedure could a student use to examine an intensive property of a rectangular block of wood?

A
Measure the volume.
B
Determine the density.
C
Find the mass.
D
Record the length.
16

Which hybrid orbitals would be formed if one s orbital and three p orbitals combined?

A
s p squared
B
s p cubed
C
s p
D
s p to the 4th power
17

An element has six valence electrons available for bonding. Which group of the periodic table does this element most likely belong to?

A
group 16
B
group 4
C
group 2
D
group 18
18

Among the intermolecular forces, which forces are typically the weakest?

A
London dispersion forces
B
dipole-dipole interactions
C
hydrogen bonds
D
dipole-induced dipole interactions
19

Which statement best describes the effect of low ionization energies and low electronegativities on metallic bonding?

A
The valence electrons are easily delocalized.
B
The valence electrons stay in a single orbital.
C
The valence electrons break free of the crystals.
D
The valence electrons move closer to the nuclei.
20

Water’s molar mass is 18 point 0 1 g over mol The molar mass of glycerol is 92 point 0 9 g over mol At 25 times degree C , glycerol is more viscous than water. Which substance has the stronger intermolecular attraction?

A
glycerol because it has a larger molar mass
B
glycerol because it is more viscous and has a larger molar mass
C
water because it has a lower molar mass
D
water because it is less viscous and has a lower molar mass

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