AnswersGA-GSE Biology AProteins and Nucleic Acids

Proteins and Nucleic Acids Answers

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1
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Which component makes each amino acid unique?

A
amino group
B
carboxyl group
C
R group
D
phosphate group
2
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How many amino acids must be obtained in the diet because they cannot be made by the body?

A
2
B
5
C
9
D
20
3

Which element is found in nucleic acids but not in amino acids?

A
carbon
B
hydrogen
C
nitrogen
D
phosphorus
4

Which pair of statements best describes an essential amino acid?

A
It is an amino acid that contains peptide bonds. An example is proline.
B
It is an amino acid that contains nitrogen. An example is aspartic acid.
C
It is an amino acid that cannot be made by the body. It must be obtained from eating certain foods.
D
It is an amino acid that can be produced by the body. Vitamin supplements maintain healthy levels.
5

Which statement best distinguishes plants and animals as they relate to amino acids?

A
Plants can synthesize all twenty amino acids. Humans must eat plants or animals to obtain some of these amino acids.
B
Plants can synthesize all twenty amino acids. Humans must eat plants to obtain all of these amino acids.
C
Plants can only synthesize ten amino acids. Humans synthesize the other ten amino acids.
D
Plants and humans both synthesize all twenty amino acids. Humans must supplement a few of these by eating animals.
6

Who first identified nucleic acids, and where were they discovered?

A
Friedrich Meischer discovered nucleic acids in blood cells.
B
Phoebus Levine discovered nucleic acids in plant cells.
C
James Watson and Francis Crick discovered nucleic acids in DNA.
D
Gerardus Johannes Mulder discovered nucleic acids in bacterial cells.
7

Which statement is true about BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes?

A
These genes were discovered in 1953.
B
Cancerous tumors often form on these genes.
C
People can be tested for mutations on these genes.
D
Mutations of these genes lead to diabetes.
8

DNA and RNA share a number of similarities, but they also differ in certain aspects of their structure. Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but is not found in DNA?

A
uracil
B
adenine
C
thymine
D
cytosine
9

Lactase is an enzyme that is produced in the lining of the intestines. This enzyme helps the body speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates that are found in dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese. Which general function does lactase perform?

A
fighting disease
B
creating movement
C
regulating cell processes
D
sending chemical messages
10

Which is a function of nucleic acids?

A
create movement
B
provide structure
C
store genetic information
D
fight disease

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