Answers FPS Conceptual Science B - CRLab: Ionic and Covalent Bonds

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An element has six valence electrons available for bonding. Which group of the periodic table does this element most likely belong to?

group 2

group 4

group 16

group 18

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Which is the Lewis structure for H3PO4?

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A central upper P is single bonded left, right, above, and below to upper Os. The O above the P is single bonded to upper H on the left and the right, and has two electron dots above it. The O below the P is single bonded to an H below, and has pairs of electron dots to the left and right.

A central upper P is double bonded to an O above, and single-bonded to an upper O single-bonded to an upper H to the left and the right. The O above the P has three pairs of electron dots, to the left, above, and to the right; the O's to the right and left have pairs of dots above and below.

A central upper P is bonded to an upper H above, an upper O below, and upper O's bonded to upper H's to the left and the right. The O below the P has three pairs of electron dots, to the left, right, and below; the other two O's have pairs of dots above and below. A central upper P is double bonded to an O above, and single-bonded to an upper O single-bonded to an upper H to the left and the right. The O above the P has three pairs of electron dots, to the left, above, and to the right; the O's to the right and left have pairs of dots above and below.

Which statement describes a property of covalent compounds?

They have a high boiling point because of strong intermolecular forces.

They have a low boiling point because of weak intermolecular forces.

They have a low melting point because of strong intermolecular forces.

They have a high melting point because of weak intermolecular forces.

Which statement is true about ionic compounds?

Solid ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity.

Ionic compounds have varying solubilities in water.

Ionic compounds have very low melting points.

Ionic compounds are very easy to bend.

Which statement correctly describes the phosphate ion, ?

It is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms covalently bonded together, and there is a –3 charge distributed over the entire ion.

It is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms covalently bonded together, and there is a –3 charge on the phosphorus atom.

It is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms ionically bonded together, and there is a –3 charge distributed over the entire ion.

It is composed of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms ionically bonded together, and there is a –3 charge on the phosphorus atom.

Which compound has the highest melting point?

Al2(CO3)3

C12H22O11

C8H18

H2O

Which of the following compounds would be expected to have the strongest ionic bonds?

the compound that has the largest ions with the greatest charge

the compound that has the largest ions with the least charge

the compound that has the smallest ions with the greatest charge

the compound that has the smallest ions with the least charge

Based on its location in the periodic table, what can most likely be predicted about phosphorus?

It has three valence electrons.

It has four valence electrons.

It has five valence electrons.

It has six valence electrons.

Which structure shows the correct electron arrangement in CCl4?

A central upper C is single bonded to upper H above, below, and to the left, and single-bonded to upper C l to the right. The C l has three pairs of electron dots, above, right, and below.

A central upper C is single bonded to upper C l to the top, bottom, and left; those upper C l atoms have three pairs of electron dots on the sides away from the bond. The C is also single bonded to an upper H to the right.

A central upper C is single bonded to upper H above and below, and to upper C l to the left and right. The C l have three pairs of dots, above, below, and to the side opposite the bond.

A central upper C is single bonded to upper C l above, right, left, and below. All the C l atoms have 3 pair of electron dots, on the three sides that do not have the bond.

Lewis structures cannot

show the number of valence electrons.

show the location of bonds.

show the strength of bonds.

show how many bonds are present in a molecule.

How do ionic bonds affect the properties of ionic compounds?

The bonds weakly hold ions together, increasing the melting point.

The bonds strongly hold ions together, reducing the boiling point.

The bonds prevent ions from moving throughout the crystal, so a solid ionic compound is a poor conductor.

The bonds prevent electrons from moving throughout the crystal, so a solid ionic compound is a good conductor.

Which compound is an exception to the octet rule?

H2O

HCl

CCl4

ClF3

How many valence electrons are available for bonding in bromine (Br)?

one

two

five

seven

Which of the following can easily form an ionic bond with a cation?

NH4+

PO43–

Which statement best describes how an ionic bond forms?

The transfer of electrons forms strong bonds between ions.

The sharing of electrons forms strong bonds between ions.

The transfer of electrons results in repulsive forces between molecules.

The sharing of electrons results in attractive forces between molecules.

Which statement is true about a polyatomic ion?

It forms metallic bonds with other ions.

It forms covalent bonds with other ions.

It is made of atoms that are covalently bonded together.

It has a charge that is distributed over only part of the ion.

What is the best reason for the difference in properties of LiCl and C6H14O?

LiCl and C6H14O have different atomic masses.

Cl and O belong to different groups of the periodic table.

One compound is ionic, and the other is metallic.

One compound is covalent, and the other is ionic.

The diagram below shows the atoms involved in forming table salt.Which statement best describes what happens next?

Sodium becomes an anion by losing an electron to chlorine.

Chlorine becomes a cation by losing an electron to sodium.

Sodium becomes a cation by gaining an electron from chlorine.

Chlorine becomes an anion by gaining an electron from sodium.

Which pair of elements will form an ionic bond?

N and O

K and Br

C and Cl

Fe and Ni

Which type of bond will form between two chlorine atoms?

an ionic bond

a metallic bond

a polar covalent bond

a nonpolar covalent bond

Which statement indicates that a substance may be an ionic compound?

It has a low melting point.

It is made up of molecules.

It can be flattened by a force.

It is made up of a crystal lattice.

Which statement is true about ionic compounds?

They are made up of many large molecules that are bonded together.

They are made up of atoms of only one type of element.

They are made up of particles that are arranged in a repeating pattern.

They are made up of a random ratio of elements that are bonded together.

How many valence electrons are available for bonding in silicon?

four

five

eight

fourteen

Which pair of elements will form a covalent bond?

hydrogen and chlorine

sodium and chlorine

copper and bromine

zinc and bromine

The table lists the lattice energies of some compounds.CompoundLattice Energy (kJ/mol)LiF –1,036LiCl –853NaF –923KF –821NaCl –786Which statement about crystal lattice energy is best supported by the information in the table?

The lattice energy increases as cations get smaller, as shown by LiF and KF.

The lattice energy increases as the cations get larger, as shown by LiF and LiCl.

The lattice energy decreases as cations get smaller, as shown by NaCl and NaF.

The lattice energy decreases as the cations get smaller, as shown by NaF and KF.

Which element has the greatest number of valence electrons available for bonding?

selenium

boron

calcium

chlorine

Which of these best describes an ionic bond?

a force that keeps two large molecules together

an attraction that occurs between two nonmetals

a force that holds two oppositely charged ions together

an electromagnetic attraction that occurs between two metals

Each model shows bonding between a pair of atoms.Model A Model BWhich statement best explains how the models differ?

Model A shows the formation of ions, and model B does not show the formation of ions.

Model A does not show the formation of ions, and model B shows the sharing of electrons.

Model A shows the sharing of electrons, and model B shows the formation of ions.

Model A shows the transfer of an electron, and model B shows the sharing of electrons.

Which type of bond will most likely be found in HBr given that the electronegativity of hydrogen is 2.20 and the electronegativity of bromine is 2.96?

an ionic bond

a metallic bond

a polar covalent bond

a nonpolar covalent bond

A solid compound in a sealed container was kept at a very low temperature in a freezer. When placed at room temperature, the substance quickly turned into a liquid. This compound is most likely which of the following?

an ionic compound because it has a low boiling point

a covalent compound because it has a low boiling point

an ionic compound because it has a low melting point

a covalent compound because it has a low melting point

Which compound contains only a nonpolar covalent molecule?

HCl

H2O

NO3

Which statement about covalent compounds is true?

They are able to melt at high temperatures.

They are poor conductors of heat.

They have strong intermolecular attractions.

They have atomic bonds that are easy to break.

Which pair of ions can form an ionic bond with each other and why?

Cu and Ag; They are both metal ions.

S and O; They have like charges.

Br and At; They are both halogen ions.

Li and Br; They have unlike charges.

Which statement describes a step in the formation of an ionic bond?

An attraction occurs between two ions that have the same charge.

A metal atom forms a cation, and a nonmetal atom forms an anion.

A more electronegative atom transfers electrons to a less electronegative atom.

A metal pulls electrons from another metal and produces a force of attraction.

Some atoms are exceptions to the octet rule by having an expanded octet. Which characteristic is needed for an atom to have an expanded octet?

The atom has empty d-orbitals.

The atom has more than eight valence electrons before bonding.

The atom has empty p-orbitals.

The atom has fewer than eight valence electrons after bonding.

What leads to the formation of an ionic bond with Hg2+?

the attraction of a noble gas

the attraction of an NH4+ ion

the attraction of a group 1 element

the attraction of an SO42– ion

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