AnswersChemistry - SC3210 A-CRLab: Ionic and Covalent Bonds

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1
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An element has six valence electrons available for bonding. Which group of the periodic table does this element most likely belong to?

A
group 2
B
group 4
C
group 16
D
group 18
2
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Which is the Lewis structure for H3PO4?

A
mc013-1.jpg
Option A
B
A central upper P is single bonded left, right, above, and below to upper Os. The O above the P is single bonded to upper H on the left and the right, and has two electron dots above it. The O below the P is single bonded to an H below, and has pairs of electron dots to the left and right.
Option B
C
A central upper P is double bonded to an O above, and single-bonded to an upper O single-bonded to an upper H to the left and the right. The O above the P has three pairs of electron dots, to the left, above, and to the right; the O's to the right and left have pairs of dots above and below.
Option C
D
A central upper P is bonded to an upper H above, an upper O below, and upper O's bonded to upper H's to the left and the right. The O below the P has three pairs of electron dots, to the left, right, and below; the other two O's have pairs of dots above and below. A central upper P is double bonded to an O above, and single-bonded to an upper O single-bonded to an upper H to the left and the right. The O above the P has three pairs of electron dots, to the left, above, and to the right; the O's to the right and left have pairs of dots above and below.
Option D
3

Which statement is true about ionic compounds?

A
Solid ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity.
B
Ionic compounds have varying solubilities in water.
C
Ionic compounds have very low melting points.
D
Ionic compounds are very easy to bend.
4

Which compound has the highest melting point?

A
Al2(CO3)3
B
C12H22O11
C
C8H18
D
H2O
5

Which of the following compounds would be expected to have the strongest ionic bonds?

A
the compound that has the largest ions with the greatest charge
B
the compound that has the largest ions with the least charge
C
the compound that has the smallest ions with the greatest charge
D
the compound that has the smallest ions with the least charge
6

Based on its location in the periodic table, what can most likely be predicted about phosphorus?

A
It has three valence electrons.
B
It has four valence electrons.
C
It has five valence electrons.
D
It has six valence electrons.
7

Lewis structures cannot

A
show the number of valence electrons.
B
show the location of bonds.
C
show the strength of bonds.
D
show how many bonds are present in a molecule.
8

How do ionic bonds affect the properties of ionic compounds?

A
The bonds weakly hold ions together, increasing the melting point.
B
The bonds strongly hold ions together, reducing the boiling point.
C
The bonds prevent ions from moving throughout the crystal, so a solid ionic compound is a poor conductor.
D
The bonds prevent electrons from moving throughout the crystal, so a solid ionic compound is a good conductor.
9

How many valence electrons are available for bonding in bromine (Br)?

A
one
B
two
C
five
D
seven
10

Which statement best describes how an ionic bond forms?

A
The transfer of electrons forms strong bonds between ions.
B
The sharing of electrons forms strong bonds between ions.
C
The transfer of electrons results in repulsive forces between molecules.
D
The sharing of electrons results in attractive forces between molecules.
11

Which statement is true about a polyatomic ion?

A
It forms metallic bonds with other ions.
B
It forms covalent bonds with other ions.
C
It is made of atoms that are covalently bonded together.
D
It has a charge that is distributed over only part of the ion.
12

What is the best reason for the difference in properties of LiCl and C6H14O?

A
LiCl and C6H14O have different atomic masses.
B
Cl and O belong to different groups of the periodic table.
C
One compound is ionic, and the other is metallic.
D
One compound is covalent, and the other is ionic.
13

The diagram below shows the atoms involved in forming table salt.Which statement best describes what happens next?

Question illustration
A
Sodium becomes an anion by losing an electron to chlorine.
B
Chlorine becomes a cation by losing an electron to sodium.
C
Sodium becomes a cation by gaining an electron from chlorine.
D
Chlorine becomes an anion by gaining an electron from sodium.
14

Which type of bond will form between two chlorine atoms?

A
an ionic bond
B
a metallic bond
C
a polar covalent bond
D
a nonpolar covalent bond
15

Which statement is true about ionic compounds?

A
They are made up of many large molecules that are bonded together.
B
They are made up of atoms of only one type of element.
C
They are made up of particles that are arranged in a repeating pattern.
D
They are made up of a random ratio of elements that are bonded together.
16

Which pair of elements will form a covalent bond?

A
hydrogen and chlorine
B
sodium and chlorine
C
copper and bromine
D
zinc and bromine
17

The table lists the lattice energies of some compounds.CompoundLattice Energy (kJ/mol)LiF –1,036LiCl –853NaF –923KF –821NaCl –786Which statement about crystal lattice energy is best supported by the information in the table?

A
The lattice energy increases as cations get smaller, as shown by LiF and KF.
B
The lattice energy increases as the cations get larger, as shown by LiF and LiCl.
C
The lattice energy decreases as cations get smaller, as shown by NaCl and NaF.
D
The lattice energy decreases as the cations get smaller, as shown by NaF and KF.
18

Which element has the greatest number of valence electrons available for bonding?

A
selenium
B
boron
C
calcium
D
chlorine
19

Which of these best describes an ionic bond?

A
a force that keeps two large molecules together
B
an attraction that occurs between two nonmetals
C
a force that holds two oppositely charged ions together
D
an electromagnetic attraction that occurs between two metals
20

Each model shows bonding between a pair of atoms.Model A Model BWhich statement best explains how the models differ?

Question illustration
A
Model A shows the formation of ions, and model B does not show the formation of ions.
B
Model A does not show the formation of ions, and model B shows the sharing of electrons.
C
Model A shows the sharing of electrons, and model B shows the formation of ions.
D
Model A shows the transfer of an electron, and model B shows the sharing of electrons.

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