AnswersHS Earth and Space Science Sem. 1Fossils

Relative Dating Answers

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1
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How do index fossils help scientists?

A
They aid in the study of ranges of different organisms.
B
They advance understanding of the origin of life on Earth.
C
They aid in comparison of rock layers at distant locations.
D
They advance understanding of rock type at the time the organism lived.
2
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Which statement explains one reason why unconformities occur?

A
Rocks along a fault break and move.
B
Igneous rock forms at Earth’s surface.
C
No sediment is deposited over a long time.
D
Igneous rock forms between sedimentary layers.
3

The diagram shows horizontal rock layers.

Question illustration
A
Layer C is the oldest layer.
B
Layer B is younger than layer D.
C
Layer C is older than layer A.
D
Layer D is the youngest layer.
4

Which phrase describes the absolute age of a rock?

A
does not provide an exact age
B
is the number of years since it formed
C
is the age compared to other rocks around it
D
indicates whether it is younger or older than the rocks above it
5

A geologist finds four layers of sedimentary rock. She determines that no geologic events have shifted the layers. She labels the layers A, B, C, and D from the top to the bottom.Which statement about these layers is accurate?

A
A is older than B.
B
B is older than C.
C
C is younger than A.
D
B is younger than D.
6

In which situation is the principle of cross-cutting relationships useful in determining relative age?

A
A fault breaks through sedimentary layers.
B
Fossils of two different species are found in different rock layers.
C
Sedimentary layers form over millions of years in a lake bottom.
D
Lava flows form on top of one another from several eruptions over time.
7

Which characteristic is shared by intrusions and faults?

A
All are cracks.
B
All are igneous rocks.
C
All cause gaps in the geologic record.
D
All are younger than surrounding rocks.
8

A scientist finds a fossil that she thinks might make a good index fossil.Which characteristic does this fossil most likely have?

A
It is the remains of an organism still found alive today.
B
It is the remains of an organism that is found in abundance nearby.
C
It is the only fossil for this type of organism that has ever been found.
D
It is the remains of an organism that lived in a narrow geographic area.
9

Which is the first step that geologists must do to compare rock layers at distant locations?

A
find the absolute age of rocks at both locations
B
compare a layer at one location to layers at other locations
C
identify index fossils in one or more layers at one location
D
collect fossils from different locations to study the organisms’ lifestyles
10

This diagram shows rock formations forming.

Question illustration
A
Formation 2 is an extrusion.
B
Formation 1 is an intrusion.
C
Formations 1 and 2 are faults.
D
Formations 1 and 2 are igneous rock.

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