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Sedimentary Rock — Quiz Answers

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1
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If site Bran were buried more deeply and compacted over time, how would its porosity and rock stability likely change?

A
Porosity would decrease, but stability would also decrease as grains become more rounded.
B
Porosity would increase, causing the rock stability to weaken.
C
Porosity would decrease, and rock stability would increase as pore spaces close under pressure.
D
Porosity would remain the same because cross-bedding prevents compaction.
2
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A newly discovered outcrop in the basin displays uniform bedding, compacted grains, and minimal fluid retention. Which statement best explains how these features are likely to affect the site’s long-term stability?

A
The site may lose cohesion as compaction restricts flexibility, causing fractures under prolonged stress.
B
The site is unlikely to remain cohesive because its dense layers prevent natural energy release over time.
C
The site is likely to maintain cohesion because its structure distributes stress evenly and limits pore-driven displacement.
D
The site will remain stable only if water is reintroduced to support grain bonding under uniform layers.
3

If a strong flood event deposited an additional coarse layer on the Lorn site, how might this change the site's overall stability?

A
Stability would decrease because uneven layering could introduce weak contact zones between layers.
B
Stability would increase because thicker layers always resist stress better.
C
Stability would increase as additional porosity improves water drainage.
D
Stability would remain unchanged since new deposition doesn't affect underlying rock cohesion.
4

If the environment that formed S3 experienced a gradual decrease in transport energy over time, what long-term change would likely occur in the rock's structure?

A
The rock would fracture more easily because reduced energy prevents cementation.
B
The rock would lose all cohesion since clay requires constant turbulence to harden.
C
The rock would remain unchanged because lithification is unaffected by depositional energy.
D
The rock would become more cohesive as finer sediments continue to settle and compact evenly.
5

Why does S2 show a fractured structure compared with the other formations?

A
Glacial debris contains too much clay to form strong bonds during compaction.
B
High-energy glacial transport mixes grains of many sizes, preventing tight packing.
C
The glacial debris compacted too deeply, causing internal stress that broke the rock.
D
Glacial deposits always fracture because they form under cold conditions.
6

What trend can be inferred between transport energy and the observed structural condition of the formations?

A
Energy level has no relationship to the strength or cohesion of sedimentary rock.
B
Higher transport energy always produces more stable rock layers because grains interlock tightly.
C
Formations that developed under lower transport energy tend to show greater stability.
D
Variable transport energy promotes the most stable rocks by mixing grain sizes.
7

If the alpine streambed environment continued to experience rapid deposition, how would that likely affect the rate of lithification?

A
Lithification would remain slow because rapid deposition leaves less time for compaction and cementation to occur.
B
Lithification would speed up as more sediment is added to increase pressure on underlying layers.
C
Lithification would not change since it depends only on mineral composition and the rate of water evaporation.
D
Lithification would stop completely because flowing water prevents compaction and cementation.
8

Scientists used the Sierra Madre model to evaluate a newly discovered basin where sediments are deposited slowly, sorted finely, and lose water efficiently during burial. Which outcome is most likely for this setting?

A
This environment may delay lithification because unstable burial prevents sufficient particle packing for compaction.
B
This environment will experience slow rock formation because of variable deposition and inconsistent fluid loss during burial.
C
This environment will undergo rapid lithification due to efficient compaction and excellent sorting under low-energy conditions.
D
This environment is likely to form moderately cohesive rock due to high-energy transport and poor sediment structure.
9

Choose the correct answer from each drop-down menu to complete the statements.

Answer:

reduced|a shorter|higher

10

Choose the correct answer from each drop-down menu to complete the statements.

Answer:

greater|fit together and cement more effectively

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