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Read the excerpt from The Republic by Plato. True, I replied, I had forgotten; of course they must have a relish—salt, and olives, and cheese, and they will boil roots and herbs such as country people prepare; for a dessert we shall give them figs, and peas, and beans; and they will roast myrtle-berries and acorns at the fire, drinking in moderation. And with such a diet they may be expected to live in peace and health to a good old age, and bequeath a similar life to their children after them.

A
He starts with a general idea of what is considered necessary and moves to a specific conclusion.
B
He moves from a pattern of behaviors to a generalization about the people of the city.
C
He starts by showing how different social classes live, then makes a broad conclusion about society.
D
He moves toward a broad conclusion after listing some of the advantages the people will have.
2
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Read the reflection from Kara’s narrative.1 Ironically, it is from my much younger—and, I used to think, less wise—brother that I learned the value of being honest even when a lie may seem far more tempting at the time. 2 I knew that what he did that day must have been extremely difficult for him. 3 Yet there he stood, taking responsibility for his actions with not a glimmer of hesitation. 4 It is this determination and resolve to do what is right—even when what is right is not what is easy—that I remembered many years later in college when faced with a similar predicament of my own.

A
Watching him bravely tell the truth about what had really happened that day and how he had been the one responsible for the destruction of our neighbor’s award-winning flower garden, I realized that he knew he would likely face unpleasant consequences.
B
I tried to imagine how difficult it must have been for someone so young to do something so courageous and what must have been going through his mind, but all I could think about was the punishment he would probably receive for doing the right thing.
C
Although my brother appeared to be acting bravely, I was certain he was tempted to do the wrong thing that day to avoid some sort of unpleasant punishment, and I thought for a second that he would change his mind at the last moment.
D
My brother’s actions that day were very admirable, and I remember wondering how someone so young could do something like that, and then I wondered if I would do the same thing or something different just to avoid getting into unwanted trouble.
3

Read the excerpt from The Republic by Plato.Why, I said, that which is healthy causes health, and that which is unhealthy causes disease.

A
zeugma
B
antithesis
C
asyndeton
D
synecdoche
4

Read the excerpt from Greta Thunberg’s speech at the United Nations Climate Action Summit. The popular idea of cutting our emissions in half in 10 years only gives us a 50% chance of staying below 1.5 degrees [Celsius], and the risk of setting off irreversible chain reactions beyond human control.No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference by Copyright © Greta Thunberg 2018-2019. Published by Penguin Books 2019. Reprinted by permission of Penguin Books Limited."Unpopular (UN Climate Change Conference, Katowice, Poland, 12/15/18)" from NO ONE IS TOO SMALL TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE by GretaThunberg, copyright © 2018, 2019 by Greta Thunberg. Used by permission of Penguin Books, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. Allrights reserved.

A
The speaker uses the phrase “in 10 years” to show that too much time has been spent ignoring climate change.
B
The speaker refers to outside sources to support the argument that there is nothing we can do about climate change.
C
The speaker uses the phrase “50% chance” to support the argument that the risk of further climate change is high.
D
The speaker refers to her own research to show that she understands more about climate change than most experts.
5

Read the excerpt from The Republic by Plato.You know, I said, that dyers, when they want to dye wool for making the true sea-purple, begin by selecting their white colour first; this they prepare and dress with much care and pains, in order that the white ground may take the purple hue in full perfection. The dyeing then proceeds; and whatever is dyed in this manner becomes a fast colour, and no washing either with lyes or without them can take away the bloom. But, when the ground has not been duly prepared, you will have noticed how poor is the look either of purple or of any other colour.Yes, he said; I know that they have a washed-out and ridiculous appearance.Then now, I said, you will understand what our object was in selecting our soldiers, and educating them in music and gymnastic; we were contriving influences which would prepare them to take the dye of the laws in perfection, and the colour of their opinion about dangers and of every other opinion was to be indelibly fixed by their nurture and training, not to be washed away by such potent lyes as pleasure—mightier agent far in washing the soul than any soda or lye; or by sorrow, fear, and desire, the mightiest of all other solvents. And this sort of universal saving power of true opinion in conformity with law about real and false dangers I call and maintain to be courage, unless you disagree.

A
ethos, because it shows how dyers have the tenacity to fight
B
kairos, because it argues why soldiers need training immediately
C
logos, because it discusses how that idea is similar to dyeing wool
D
pathos, because it helps people feel protected by their soldiers
6

chron = "time"The definition of chron is useful to know because it functions as

A
a hononym.
B
a prefix.
C
an adverbial suffix.
D
a word root.
7

Read the excerpt from The Republic by Plato.O my friend, I said, do not attack the multitude: they will change their minds, if, not in an aggressive spirit, but gently and with the view of soothing them and removing their dislike of over-education, you show them your philosophers as they really are and describe as you were just now doing their character and profession, and then mankind will see that he of whom you are speaking is not such as they supposed—if they view him in this new light, they will surely change their notion of him, and answer in another strain. Who can be at enmity with one who loves them, who that is himself gentle and free from envy will be jealous of one in whom there is no jealousy?

A
by questioning the ways jealousy is manifested
B
by justifying why people act in certain manners
C
by explaining basic principles of human nature
D
by describing how preconceived notions are formed
8

Read the excerpt from Greta Thunberg’s speech at the United Nations Climate Action Summit. You are failing us. But the young people are starting to understand your betrayal. The eyes of all future generations are upon you. And if you choose to fail us, I say: We will never forgive you.We will not let you get away with this. Right here, right now is where we draw the line. The world is waking up. And change is coming, whether you like it or not.

A
ethos; the speaker is proving her credibility by showing her knowledge
B
kairos; the speaker is emphasizing the importance of the current moment in time
C
kairos; the speaker is using data and research to persuade the audience
D
ethos; the speaker is appealing to emotions by discussing change for the future
9

Read the paragraph from Yasmin’s narrative.I took a long, lingering look at the tremendous beauty that surrounded me. Nature abounded as far as the eye could see, and the only sounds to be heard were the peaceful murmurs of that which existed in the wilderness. As I sat there, my tent and sleeping bag the only signs of civilization for miles, my heart swelled with relief that I had decided to take this weekend camping trip. I could feel every muscle in my body gradually relaxing with every sight, every sound, every smell within this untouched slice of tranquility.

A
additional information about why Yasmin chose to camp at that specific campsite
B
more specific descriptions of the sights, sounds, and smells mentioned by Yasmin
C
background information about Yasmin’s previous camping experiences and expertise
D
examples of other instances in Yasmin’s life when she felt so peaceful and relaxed
10

What should a reflection do in a narrative essay? Select three options.

A
explain how the experience was significant to the writer
B
persuade the reader that the details of the experience are factual
C
offer an analysis of what made the experience memorable
D
provide additional details about the people included in the narrative
E
extend the experience to another area of the writer’s life
11

Read the two versions of the beginning of Yasmin’s narrative.Version 1: I took a long, lingering look at the tremendous beauty that surrounded me. Nature abounded as far as the eye could see, and the only sounds to be heard were the peaceful murmurs of that which existed in the wilderness. As I sat there, my tent and sleeping bag the only signs of civilization for miles, my heart swelled with relief that I had decided to take this weekend camping trip. I could feel every muscle in my body gradually relaxing with every sight, every sound, every smell within this untouched slice of tranquility. It was hard to believe that anything could disrupt the serenity of this place . . . but I could not have been more wrong.Version 2: Exhausted, I took one last look around me. I had been camping for only two short days, but I could not wait to get home and recount the adventures of my short stay in peace and tranquility. Hoisting my backpack onto my back, I grabbed my canteen and began the long trek back to my car. The question was not which story I should tell, but rather which one I should tell first.

A
Version 1 uses chronological order, building up to the action. Version 2 starts with the conclusion to make readers curious about the beginning.
B
Version 1 provides background information prior to relaying events. Version 2 begins with an exciting conflict.
C
Version 1 begins with an exciting conflict. Version 2 starts with the conclusion to make readers curious about the beginning.
D
Version 1 answers the readers’ questions. Version 2 uses chronological order, building up to the action.
12

Read the excerpt from The Republic by Plato.And our State must once more enlarge; and this time the enlargement will be nothing short of a whole army, which will have to go out and fight with the invaders for all that we have, as well as for the things and persons whom we were describing above.Why? he said; are they not capable of defending themselves?No, I said; not if we were right in the principle which was acknowledged by all of us when we were framing the State: the principle, as you will remember, was that one man cannot practise many arts with success.Read the excerpt from Utopia by Sir Thomas More. The chief, and almost the only, business of the Syphogrants is to take care that no man may live idle, but that every one may follow his trade diligently; yet they do not wear themselves out with perpetual toil from morning to night, as if they were beasts of burden, which as it is indeed a heavy slavery, so it is everywhere the common course of life amongst all mechanics except the Utopians.

A
Plato focuses on philosophy, while More focuses on politics.
B
Plato focuses on protection, while More focuses on productivity.
C
Plato focuses on politics, while More focuses on philosophy.
D
Plato focuses on productivity, while More focuses on protection.
13

Read the excerpt from The Republic by Plato.And our State must once more enlarge; and this time the enlargement will be nothing short of a whole army, which will have to go out and fight with the invaders for all that we have, as well as for the things and persons whom we were describing above.Why? he said; are they not capable of defending themselves?No, I said; not if we were right in the principle which was acknowledged by all of us when we were framing the State: the principle, as you will remember, was that one man cannot practise many arts with success.Read the excerpt from Utopia by Sir Thomas More.The chief, and almost the only, business of the Syphogrants is to take care that no man may live idle, but that every one may follow his trade diligently; yet they do not wear themselves out with perpetual toil from morning to night, as if they were beasts of burden, which as it is indeed a heavy slavery, so it is everywhere the common course of life amongst all mechanics except the Utopians.

A
ethos, by relying on the skills of armies and leaders, respectively
B
kairos, by emphasizing why their claims are important and necessary
C
logos, by laying out how perfect governments should be conducted
D
pathos, by dwelling on the importance of having a protected country
14

[BLANK]

A
have exactly the same meaning
B
have completely opposite meanings
C
sound the same but have different meanings
D
are spelled the same but are pronounced differently
15

Which pair of words shares the same word root?

A
capable, readable
B
rewritten, revision
C
barber, unbearable
D
inspect, spectacles

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