Answers25-26 CHEMISTRY IN THE EARTH SYSTEM S1Energy

Energy — Test Answers

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Heat transfer between two substances is affected by specific heat and the

A
chemical composition of the substances.
B
state of matter of the substances at room temperature.
C
thermal equilibrium of the substances.
D
amount of time and area of physical contact between the substances.
2
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Nuclear reactions in a reactor produce a lot of thermal energy. That energy then flows and warms up water, which boils and produces steam. The steam then turns turbines that generate electricity.

A
Heat flows in the form of electricity.
B
Heat flows from the reactor to the water.
C
The water produces heat.
D
The steam produces heat.
3

Which energy graph represents the nonspontaneous transition of graphite into diamond?

A
A graph with Reaction progression on the horizontal axis and energy on the vertical axis. A line starts low on the vertical axis, runs briefly parallel to the horizontal axis, slopes up sharply, curves down a short distance, and levels out.
Option A
B
A graph with Reaction progression on the horizontal axis and energy on the vertical axis. A line starts midway up the vertical axis, runs briefly parallel to the horizontal axis, slopes up sharply, curves down sharply, and levels out below the initial starting point.
Option B
C
A graph with Reaction progression on the horizontal axis and energy on the vertical axis. A line starts midway up the vertical axis, runs briefly parallel to the horizontal axis, slopes up a small amount, then curves down to level out below the initial starting point.
Option C
D
A graph with Reaction progression on the horizontal axis and energy on the vertical axis. A line starts midway up the vertical axis, runs briefly parallel to the horizontal axis, slopes up a moderate amount, then curves down sharply to level out below the initial starting point.
Option D
4

Which best describes heat?

A
energy that is carried by electric and magnetic fields
B
energy that decreases as a car slows to a stop
C
energy that increases as a book is lifted to a higher shelf
D
energy that flows from a hot mug of tea to a cold hand
5

Two metal blocks that have slightly different temperatures are placed next to one another. After five minutes, they both have lower but equal temperatures. According to the law of conservation of energy, what most likely happened?

A
Energy was created inside the blocks.
B
Energy was destroyed inside the blocks.
C
Energy was absorbed into the blocks from outside the system.
D
Energy was transferred from the warmer block to the cooler block.
6

A reaction occurs when solid X is placed into solution Y. As a result, the temperature of the new solution increases by 3°C. The temperature rises another 2°C when more of solid X is added to the solution. What does this indicate about the effect of adding more solid?

A
It increased the number of molecular collisions.
B
It decreased the number of molecular collisions.
C
It decreased the space between the molecules and lowered the reaction rate.
D
It increased the space between the molecules and increased the reaction rate.
7

A welding torch produces a flame by burning acetylene fuel in the presence of oxygen. This flame is used to melt a metal. Which energy transformation represents this process?

A
chemical energy into thermal energy
B
kinetic energy into potential energy
C
kinetic energy into electromagnetic energy
D
potential energy into chemical energy
8

What happens as the activation energy increases?

A
The pressure of the system decreases.
B
The kinetic energy of colliding molecules changes.
C
The reactant surface area decreases.
D
The reaction begins to slow down.
9

Which is the best example of how electromagnetic energy is used?

A
a pot of boiling water on a gas stove
B
a patient receiving an X-ray in a hospital
C
a car burning gasoline to power the engine
D
a car of a roller coaster moving quickly down a slope
10

Which refers to the thermal energy that flows from one substance to another when the substances differ in temperature?

A
heat
B
temperature
C
convection
D
flow
11

A stovetop burner on medium reaches 95°C. Which will also receive a flow of heat directly from the burner?

A
the surrounding air
B
a burner at the same temperature
C
a pan heated to 100°C
D
hotter water inside a pan
12

Which statement best applies collision theory to preventing a dangerous reaction from occurring?

A
Store the reactants together at a low pressure.
B
Keep all sparks or flames away from the reactants.
C
Store the reactants together at a low temperature.
D
Keep the reactants in separate containers.
13

Which energy change best relates to a boulder that is rolling down the side of a hill?

A
potential energy transforming into kinetic energy
B
mechanical energy transforming into thermal energy
C
potential energy transforming into electromagnetic energy
D
mechanical energy transforming into electromagnetic energy
14

The diagram below shows the movement of particles.What does this piece of evidence best support?

Question illustration
A
the collision theory
B
the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
C
the effect of pressure on reaction rates
D
the effect of temperature on reaction rates
15

Which refers to the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C and is related to the chemical composition of the substance?

A
Thermal energy
B
Specific heat
C
Activation heat
D
Boiling point
16

Isaac wants to make s'mores. He holds a marshmallow on a metal skewer over a fire. A few seconds later, the marshmallow is cooked and the skewer feels warm. What most likely happened?

A
The fire heated the surrounding air, which cooked the marshmallow.
B
The heat generated from the marshmallow flowed in the form of thermal energy to the skewer and fire.
C
The heat from the skewer cooked the marshmallow.
D
Thermal energy in the form of heat moved from the fire to the skewer and marshmallow.
17

Which is the best term to use when describing the energy of motion?

A
chemical
B
kinetic
C
potential
D
thermal
18

Consider the energy diagram below.xn.Which line indicates a higher reaction rate?

Question illustration
A
A because it has a lower activation energy.
B
B because it has a lower activation energy.
C
A because its Grxn is much lower.
Option C
D
B because its Grxn is much lower.
Option D
19

Which scenario would adhere to the law of conservation of energy?

A
Energy is created when water freezes.
B
Energy is destroyed when sugar is burned.
C
Energy stays inside molecules permanently.
D
Energy is transferred when atoms are rearranged.
20

A baseball player hits a ball. Which is the best description of the energy of the ball as it flies over the pitcher’s head?

A
chemical
B
kinetic
C
nuclear
D
thermal

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