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The Chemistry of Life — Test Answers

22 verified answers
1
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What can you conclude from the graph?

A
The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.
B
The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.
C
The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.
D
The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.
2
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What would most likely happen to a person who is not getting enough essential amino acids in his or her diet?

A
The body would synthesize the amino acids.
B
Stored protein would break down.
C
Muscle growth and repair would be limited.
D
The formation of proteins would increase.
3

Which statement best describes the relationship between activation energy and rate of reaction?

A
Reducing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
B
Increasing the reaction energy does not alter the rate of reaction.
C
Increasing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
D
Reducing the activation energy can decrease the rate of a reaction.
4

Based on the table, what advice do you think that the dietician will give the patient?

A
The patient should increase the amount of lean meats (proteins) and decrease the amount of oils in his or her diet.
B
The patient should decrease the amount of rice and pasta and increase the amount of oils in his or her diet.
C
The patient should decrease the amount of rice and pasta and increase the amount of lean meats (proteins) in his or her diet.
D
The patient should decrease the amount of lean meats (proteins) and increase the amount of oils in his or her diet.
5

Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A
Photosynthesis is part of the carbon cycle, and cellular respiration is not.
B
Photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration releases carbon back into the atmosphere.
C
Only plants perform photosynthesis, and only animals perform cellular respiration.
D
Photosynthesis releases carbon into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration removes carbon from the atmosphere.
6

A scientist is examining the role of an element found in fats and carbohydrates of living things. This element makes up 65 percent of human body mass. Which statement describes the element he is studying?

A
He is studying nitrogen, which can also be found in proteins.
B
He is studying oxygen, which can also be found in proteins.
C
He is studying nitrogen, which is the most abundant element in the atmosphere.
D
He is studying oxygen, which is the most abundant element in the atmosphere.
7

What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet?

A
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.
B
The person’s good cholesterol would increase.
C
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would decrease.
D
The person's bad cholesterol would decrease.
8

Which statement about enzymes is true?

A
Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts in nonliving things.
B
Enzymes and substrates fit together like a lock and key.
C
Each enzyme can catalyze many different biochemical reactions.
D
An enzyme functions to decrease the rate of a chemical reaction.
9

A scientist is conducting an investigation that involves water, silver, carbon dioxide, and oxygen gas. Which group of statements best describe all of the materials he is using in the investigation?

A
They are all elements. Some contain molecules of the same type of atom. Some contain different types of atoms.
B
They are each made of matter. Some are compounds made of one type of element. Some are pure atoms.
C
They are each compounds. Each of the compounds is made of atoms. All of the atoms are made of matter.
D
They are each made of matter. Some are compounds and some are elements. They all contain atoms.
10

Which type of molecule that can be found in living things lacks carbon atoms?

A
protein
B
fat
C
carbohydrate
D
water
11

A scientist is examining the function of macromolecules in a cell. She notices that movement of large molecules into and out of the cell is disrupted when she damages one specific type of macromolecule. Which macromolecule has she most likely damaged?

A
a steroid
B
a carbohydrate
C
a nucleic acid
D
a protein
12

Why do phospholipids form a bilayer in water?

A
The phosphate portions repel each other.
B
The phosphate portions attract water, and the lipid portions repel water.
C
The lipid portions attract water, and the phosphate portions repel water.
D
The hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts attract each other.
13

What is the general term for any carbohydrate monomer?

A
fructose
B
polysaccharide
C
glucose
D
monosaccharide
14

What is the best conclusion based on this data?

A
Fat molecules contain more energy-containing bonds than simple sugars.
B
Blood is a primary location for energy storage.
C
A gram of glycogen has twice as much energy as a gram of fat.
D
The human body stores approximately 1,000 kcal of glucose.
15

After school, Kai feels hungry and tired. He finds some sugar cookies in the cabinet and finishes the whole package. Which statements best describe the role of glucagon and insulin in this scenario?

A
Insulin was secreted by his pancreas before he ate the cookies because his blood glucose was low. After he ate, glucagon from the cookies increased his blood sugar levels.
B
Insulin was secreted by his pancreas before he ate the cookies because his blood glucose was low. Glucagon was secreted after he ate the cookies because his blood glucose was high.
C
Glucagon was secreted by his pancreas before he ate the cookies because his blood glucose was low. After he ate, insulin from the cookies increased his blood sugar levels.
D
Glucagon was secreted by his pancreas before he ate the cookies because his blood glucose was low. Insulin was secreted after he ate the cookies because his blood glucose was high.
16

Which statement best describes the relationship between activation energy and rate of reaction?

A
Reducing the activation energy can decrease the rate of a reaction.
B
Reducing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
C
Increasing the reaction energy does not alter the rate of reaction.
D
Increasing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
17

A scientist is examining the function of macromolecules in a cell. She notices that movement of large molecules into and out of the cell is disrupted when she damages one specific type of macromolecule. Which macromolecule has she most likely damaged?

A
a steroid
B
a carbohydrate
C
a nucleic acid
D
a protein
18

Which is released during the formation of a peptide bond?

A
a water molecule
B
an amino group
C
a five-carbon sugar
D
an amino acid
19

Which will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

A
adding a catalyst
B
decreasing the pressure
C
decreasing the temperature
D
removing a catalyst
20

What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet?

A
The person's bad cholesterol would decrease.
B
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.
C
The person’s good cholesterol would increase.
D
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would decrease.

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