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The Chemistry of Life — Test Answers

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Some studies have shown that peppermint odor increases people’s mental sharpness, especially when they solve math problems. Which best describes how this could be a valid scientific claim?

A
if it is tested in a controlled setting with repeated results
B
if the scientist was previously peer reviewed
C
if the math problems are easy problems
D
if the test is published on Wikipedia
3

Why have improvements in microscopes over time resulted in revisions in the cell theory?

A
They have made microscopes easier to use.
B
They have revealed new information about cell structure and processes.
C
They have made it possible to confirm what scientists already suspected.
D
They have allowed scientists to share pictures of the cells being studied.
4

Which will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

A
decreasing the temperature
B
removing a catalyst
C
adding a catalyst
D
decreasing the pressure
5

Take a look at the statement: Fish meal is better than artificial fertilizers. How could this statement be revised to make it a hypothesis?

A
Plants that receive artificial fertilizer will be better than plants that receive fish meal.
B
Plants that are fertilized with fish meal will grow taller than plants that receive artificial fertilizer.
C
Fish meal is safer than artificial fertilizers, but it does not make plants grow.
D
Fish meal is a better fertilizer than artificial fertilizer because fish meal is natural.
6

Which statement best describes the relationship between activation energy and rate of reaction?

A
Increasing the reaction energy does not alter the rate of reaction.
B
Reducing the activation energy can decrease the rate of a reaction.
C
Reducing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
D
Increasing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
7

What would most likely happen to a person who is not getting enough essential amino acids in his or her diet?

A
Muscle growth and repair would be limited.
B
The formation of proteins would increase.
C
The body would synthesize the amino acids.
D
Stored protein would break down.
10

Which type of protein will fight disease?

A
ligaments
B
insulin
C
genes
D
antibodies
11

What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet?

A
The person’s good cholesterol would increase.
B
The person's bad cholesterol would decrease.
C
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.
D
The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would decrease.
12

What is a difference between starch and glycogen?

A
Starch is composed of fructose, and glycogen is composed of glucose.
B
Starch stores energy, and glycogen provides structural support.
C
Starch is a monomer, and glycogen is a polymer.
D
Starch is found in plants, and glycogen is found in animals.
15

Which is released during the formation of a peptide bond?

A
an amino acid
B
an amino group
C
a five-carbon sugar
D
a water molecule
16

All theories are hypotheses, but not all hypotheses are theories. Francis wants to know if a specific hypothesis he is researching is a theory. Which describes how Francis would know the hypothesis is a theory?

A
He could restate the hypothesis as a fact and no longer an explanation.
B
He could design and perform a new controlled experiment to test the hypothesis.
C
He could perform the experiment and adjust data to match the desired results.
D
He could determine whether the hypothesis is based on repeated experiments.
17

What is the general term for any carbohydrate monomer?

A
monosaccharide
B
glucose
C
polysaccharide
D
fructose
18

Alyssa observed a flock of small birds in her yard. The birds visited a pair of feeders that her parents put out for them and splashed in the birdbath. Which question is a nonscientific question that she might ask about the birds?

A
Does having a birdbath present affect the feeding habits of the birds?
B
At what time of day do the most birds visit the feeders?
C
Would the birds still visit if the seed in the feeders was changed?
D
Which among the birds that visited the feeders is the most beautiful?
19

What is the best conclusion based on this data?

A
The human body stores approximately 1,000 kcal of glucose.
B
Blood is a primary location for energy storage.
C
A gram of glycogen has twice as much energy as a gram of fat.
D
Fat molecules contain more energy-containing bonds than simple sugars.
20

Based on the table, what advice do you think that the dietician will give the patient?

A
The patient should increase the amount of lean meats (proteins) and decrease the amount of oils in his or her diet.
B
The patient should decrease the amount of lean meats (proteins) and increase the amount of oils in his or her diet.
C
The patient should decrease the amount of rice and pasta and increase the amount of oils in his or her diet.
D
The patient should decrease the amount of rice and pasta and increase the amount of lean meats (proteins) in his or her diet.
21

Which statement can be removed and not affect the excerpt’s reliability?

A
Hybrid seeds are deliberately crossbred for particular traits, such as growth pattern or disease resistance.
B
They have been hand-pollinated and are patented, often sterile, and genetically identical within food types.
C
Unlike heirloom seeds, if one saves a hybrid seed, one will not get the same plant again.
D
They do not compare to the quality and taste of heirloom plants, but they do produce large, healthy fruit that appeals to most shoppers.

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