AnswersLAUSD-Principles of American Democracy PrescriptiveUnit Test

The Enlightenment Answers

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1
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How did the Enlightenment’s theories of government view the role of government?

A
as benevolent
B
as absolute
C
as transparent
D
as useful
2
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Read the passage from Two Treatises of Government (1690) by John Locke.This paternal, regal power being by divine right only his, it leaves no room for human prudence, or consent, to place it any where else; for if only one man hath a divine right to the obedience of mankind, no body can claim that obedience, but he that can shew that right; nor can men’s consciences, by any other pretence, be obliged to it. And thus, this doctrine cuts up all government by the roots.

A
If only one person has the authority to rule, then no one else, even members of government, may have authority, so divine right undermines civil society.
B
If only one person has the authority to rule, there should be no confusion about how to follow the law, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.
C
If only one person has the authority to rule, the people will always eventually conflict with that ruler, so divine right undermines civil society.
D
If only one person has the authority to rule, all of the public servants they appoint will act in good faith, so divine right supports the goals of civil society.
3

Locke argued that all humans are born with what natural rights?

A
life, liberty, property
B
life, cooperation, liberty
C
opportunity, property, support
D
opportunity, support, cooperation
4

Thomas HobbesJohn LockeBaron de Montesquieu

A
Thomas Hobbes
B
John Locke
C
Baron de Montesquieu
5

Enlightenment thinking on government included

A
establishing religious doctrine.
B
using violent protest.
C
taking a secular approach.
D
supporting divine right.
6

John Locke thought people were neither good nor bad naturally. How did Hobbes’s views differ from Locke’s?

A
Hobbes thought people were naturally violent.
B
Hobbes thought people were naturally kind.
C
Hobbes thought people were naturally peaceful.
D
Hobbes thought people were naturally evil.
7

What did philosophers of the Enlightenment have faith in, believing it could answer questions and solve problems?

A
science
B
economics
C
human reason
D
government authority
8

Under what circumstances did John Locke think it would be acceptable for the people to overthrow the government?

I
It is never acceptable, as overthrowing the government would be a violation of the social contract.
I
If the people were to break the social contract and seek a different type of rule, the people could overthrow the government.
I
If the government violated the social contract, the people could overthrow the government.
I
If the government failed to accept new natural rights, the people could overthrow the government.
9

Which act could be considered an acceptance of the social contract?

A
paying the electric bill in exchange for using electricity
B
viewing commercials in exchange for watching network news broadcasts
C
observing traffic laws in exchange for driving on the highway
D
paying the water bill in exchange for taking a shower
10

Why did Montesquieu advocate the separation of powers?

A
to stop political parties from gaining too much power
B
to ensure power divisions along party lines
C
to eliminate conflict between branches of government
D
to limit the power of any single group or person

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