AnswersCMS Summer 2026 Earth and Environmental Science CREDIT RECOVERYLab: Energy Transfer

The Expanding Universe Answers

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1
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Which statement accurately describes planetesimals?

A
They are the origins of planets.
B
They formed from ice and rocks.
C
They were created during the big bang.
D
They contain 98% of matter in the solar system.
2
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Which planet formed near the Sun where the solar system’s temperatures were very high?

A
Jupiter
B
Mars
C
Neptune
D
Saturn
3

What happens in the process of gravitational condensation?

A
An object decreases in size due to the collision of materials.
B
An object increases in size due to the addition of materials.
C
Gas particles are formed from solar nebula materials.
D
Solid particles are formed from solar nebula materials.
4

About how long ago did our solar system start to form?

A
About 5 million years ago
B
About 14 million years ago
C
About 5 billion years ago
D
About 14 billion years ago
5

Which discovery by astronomer Vera Rubin helped prove the existence of dark matter?

A
Galaxies exist outside of the Milky Way.
B
The expansion of the universe is accelerating.
C
Galaxies spin faster than they should, based on their visible matter.
D
Gas giants form farther from the Sun, where temperatures are cooler.
6

Which statement accurately describes how the understanding of the Doppler effect is applied to the study of galaxies?

A
It was used by Hubble to measure the velocities of galaxies.
B
It was used to monitor galaxy motion through changes in sound waves.
C
It indicates a galaxy moving toward Earth through red shift.
D
It indicates a galaxy moving away from Earth through blue shift.
7

Which is currently the most supported theory about the future of the universe?

A
The universe could remain exactly as it is today.
B
The universe may continue to expand.
C
Stars could burn out, causing the universe to become dark and cold.
D
Gravity could pull galaxies back together, causing a reverse of the big bang.
8

What would most likely cause the future acceleration of the expansion of the universe?

A
radiation from the Sun
B
the existence of background radiation
C
the continued existence of dark energy
D
light shifts identified by the Doppler effect
9

In which order did the events forming our solar system occur?

A
The solar nebula became hot and dense pulling in more gas.This flattened into a rotating disk. It spun faster and faster, forming the Sun.
B
Gas was pulled toward the center, forming the Sun. Gas flattened into a rotating disk and became hot and dense, forming a solar nebula that spun faster and faster.
C
Gas flattened into a rotating disk and became hot and dense, forming a solar nebula that spun faster and faster. Gas was pulled toward the center, forming the Sun.
D
The solar nebula spun faster and faster and flattened into a rotating disk. Most of the gas was pulled toward the center, where it became hot and dense, forming the Sun.
10

Which is one piece of information that astronomers use to calculate the age of the universe?

A
dark energy
B
the age of rocks on Earth
C
the current motion of inner planets
D
patterns of background radiation

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