AnswersScience 8Lab: Natural Selection

The Fossil Record Answers

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1
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According to the fossil record, which of these evolved after amphibians? Select two options.

A
mammals
B
sponges
C
fish
D
bacteria
E
reptiles
2
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A scientist is using relative dating to determine the age of a fossil that she discovered.What would allow her to draw the best conclusions about fossils that are younger than the one she discovered?

A
measuring the amount of carbon and nitrogen in the surrounding rock
B
measuring the amount of potassium and argon in the surrounding rock
C
finding fossils in the same area that are in layers deeper under the surface
D
finding fossils in the same area that are in layers closer to the surface
4

Which pair of elements can be used to determine the age of a fossil that is over one billion years old?

A
lead, which is radioactive, and uranium, which is stable
B
carbon, which is radioactive, and nitrogen, which is stable
C
argon, which is radioactive, and lead, which is stable
D
potassium, which is radioactive, and argon, which is stable
5

Compared to absolute dating, what is an advantage of relative dating?

A
A single fossil can be dated by itself.
B
The actual age of a fossil can be determined.
C
Fossils do not need to be arranged in different layers of rock.
D
There is no limit to the age range of the fossils being dated.
6

The diagram shows fossils buried in layers of sediment.

Question illustration
A
The fossil in layer Z is the youngest.
B
The fossils in layers Y and Z are younger than the fossil in layer V.
C
The fossil in layer Y is older than the fossil in layer W.
D
The fossil in layer X is older than the fossil in layer Z.
7

[BLANK]

A
mammals
B
bacteria
C
cells with a nucleus
D
multicellular organisms
8

Three different reptile skulls with a common ancestor show that the skull changed from having no holes behind the eye to having one hole, and then two holes behind the eye.What conclusion did scientists draw about the reptile?

Question illustration
A
The skull evolved as the reptile developed stronger jaws.
B
The reptile evolved from living in water to living on land.
C
The reptiles were different ages when they died.
D
The reptile was never properly preserved during fossil formation.
9

Alex listed the typical steps of fossil formation.1) An organism dies.2) The remains fall to the bottom of the ocean.3) The soft portions decay, and the hard portions remain.4) The sediment becomes rock.

A
After step 3, layers of sediment cover the dead organism.
B
After step 1, minerals dissolve the dead organism.
C
After step 4, layers of sediment cover the dead organism.
D
After step 2, minerals dissolve the dead organism.
10

The diagram shows two different types of fossils from the same kind of ancient organism.

Question illustration
A
X: moldY: cast
B
X: castY: mold
C
X: traceY: imprint
D
X: imprintY: trace

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