AnswersChemistry 1A - Mr. KaanWriting and Balancing Chemical Equations

The Nucleus Answers

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A scientist is trying to determine whether a certain substance is radioactive. Which question would be most helpful to ask?

A
Does the substance have a positive electric charge or a negative electric charge?
B
Can the substance be used to generate electricity in a power plant?
C
Do the atoms that make up the substance have nuclei that split apart over time?
D
Do the nuclei of the substance’s atoms contain more neutrons than protons?
2
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How are energy and mass connected during the formation of an atom?

A
Energy is absorbed, so the mass is increased.
B
Energy is released, so the mass is increased.
C
Energy is absorbed, so the mass is reduced.
D
Energy is released, so the mass is reduced.
3

What is the nuclear binding energy of an atom that has a mass defect of 5.0446 10–29 kg? Use E = mc2. (Remember: The speed of light is approximately 3.00 108 m/s.)

Question illustration
A
5.61 10–46 J
Option A
B
1.51 10–20 J
Option B
C
4.54 10–12 J
Option C
D
1.78 1045 J
Option D
4

How many neutrons does the isotope N-14 have?

A
6
B
7
C
8
D
9
5

Which statement illustrates the difference between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction?

A
A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
B
A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
C
A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
D
A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
6

The nuclei of most atoms contain multiple protons. Each proton has a positive charge. If objects that have like charges repel each other, why do the protons in the nuclei of most atoms not fly apart?

A
The charges of protons and neutrons cancel each other out.
B
Electrons outside the nucleus push on protons.
C
A strong nuclear force between an atom’s protons and neutrons holds together the atom’s nucleus.
D
Protons experience a more powerful attraction to the negatively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus.
7

In reaction A, each sodium atom gives one electron to a chlorine atom. In reaction B, an isotope of oxygen decays to form an isotope of nitrogen. Which statement best describes the energy that is released per gram by these reactions?

A
Reaction A releases more energy than reaction B releases.
B
Reaction B releases more energy than reaction A releases.
C
Reaction A and reaction B release equal amounts of energy.
D
Neither reaction A nor reaction B releases energy.
8

In the following atomic model, where does the strong nuclear force happen?

Question illustration
A
outside A
B
between A and B
C
between B and C
D
inside C
9

Which force is most responsible for binding together an atom’s protons and neutrons?

A
electrostatic
B
gravitational
C
nuclear
D
magnetic
10

Which answer choice best explains why atoms of carbon-14 (C-14) are unstable?

A
Atoms of C-14 have too many negatively charged electrons and too few positively charged protons.
B
Atoms of C-14 have too many positively charged protons and too few negatively charged electrons.
C
There are 2 more protons than neutrons in the nucleus.
D
There are 2 more neutrons than protons in the nucleus.
11

Which of the following isotopes have 8 neutrons in the nucleus?

A
O-15
B
O-17
C
C-13
D
C-14
12

An example of a radioactive isotope is

A
carbon-12.
B
carbon-14.
C
neon-20.
D
neon-22.
13

Which answer choice best explains why nuclear reactions release more energy than chemical reactions?

A
Electrostatic forces of repulsion are thousands of times stronger than gravitational forces.
B
Gravitational forces are thousands of times stronger than electrostatic forces of repulsion.
C
The force that binds together protons and neutrons is stronger than the force that attracts and repels protons and electrons.
D
The force that attracts and repels protons and electrons is stronger than the force that binds together protons and neutrons.
14

These statements describe three different reactions. 1 - An atom shares electrons with another atom. 2 - The nucleus of an atom is split apart. 3 - An atom gains an electron from another atom. Which reaction(s) most likely release the greatest amount of energy?

A
1
B
2
C
1 and 3
D
2 and 3

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