AnswersChemistry Honors AThe Progress of Scientific Knowledge

The Progress of Scientific Knowledge Answers

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Dalton was an English schoolteacher, Rutherford was a chemist from New Zealand, and Bohr was a Danish physicist. Each made important contributions to the atomic model. Taken together, what do these scientists demonstrate?

A
the cumulative nature of science
B
the quantitative nature of science
C
the importance of new technologies in scientific discoveries
D
the importance of diversity in the growth of scientific knowledge
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Gina summarizes the ideas that led to the current atomic model. 1. Dalton developed the theory that all matter is made of atoms.2. Thomson discovered that atoms contain electrons.3. Rutherford discovered that atoms have a nucleus.4. Schrödinger developed the electron cloud model.5. Bohr developed the model in which electrons orbit the nucleus.Which change should Gina apply to correct the summary?

A
Switch 1 and 5.
B
Switch 2 and 3.
C
Switch 4 and 5.
D
Switch 3 and 1.
3

A scientist reads relevant literature and designs her experiment. She repeats her experiment several times and collects an entire set of data every time. As compared to a single data set, the multiple data sets lead her to modified conclusions. How is skepticism important to the progress of science in this scenario?

A
It led her to incorporate new technology into the design of the experiment.
B
It led to the collection of the first data set.
C
It led to the collection of several complete data sets.
D
It helped with reading papers prior to the investigation.
4

When the first periodic table of the elements was published, the elements were arranged by atomic mass. Although several elements seemed out of order, later discoveries showed the order to be correct. Which event most likely helped the development of the periodic table?

A
Scientists changed the atomic masses to better fit the pattern.
B
Scientists refused to consider other ways to organize the elements.
C
New technology was developed that modified the masses.
D
New information changed the understanding of the atom’s structure.
5

CFCs were found to destroy what important compound in our atmosphere?

A
ozone
B
nitrogen
C
water vapor
D
helium
6

A new drug to combat acne has been developed from a compound that is found in a melon. Which scientists would contribute to the development of the drug?

A
chemists only
B
biologists and chemists
C
biologists, chemists, and physicists
D
biologists, chemists, and physicians
7

A biochemist performs an experiment to study the behavior of water molecules near proteins. He concludes that water molecules occur in groups of five in the presence of proteins. Skepticism is important in this scenario because it would help him to

A
learn from the investigations of his colleagues.
B
ask future questions related to the investigation.
C
communicate his results at a conference.
D
ensure that his conclusion is supported by evidence.
8

Which trait would most likely lead a scientist to investigate folk remedies of tribes living in the rain forest for new medicines?

A
openness
B
narrow-minded
C
creativity
D
skepticism
9

Which scientists contributed to the determination of how CFCs in clouds in the upper atmosphere could destroy ozone molecules?

A
chemists only
B
meteorologists and chemists
C
astronomers and chemists
D
biologists, chemists, and physicians
10

Curiosity is important in the progress of science because it

A
aids in the interpretation of data.
B
encourages new experimentation.
C
ensures the inclusion of different viewpoints.
D
allows a scientist to learn from others.

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