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The Supreme Court and Civil Rights Answers

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What were affirmative action programs originally designed to encourage?

increasing diversity in public institutions and businesses

beginning the process of desegregation in schools

establishing complete equality in admissions and hiring practices

ending separation based on race in housing

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What factor do Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, and Regents of California v. Bakke have in common?

All three cases improved civil rights for minorities.

All three cases went to the Supreme Court for ruling.

All three cases ruled in favor of the individual.

All three cases took place in the twentieth century.

How does the legal precedent set by the decision in the Brown case relate to the concept of federalism?

The precedent ended discrimination in the United States.

The precedent ensured that federal agencies observed the Ninth Amendment right to equality.

The precedent overturned state laws based on an interpretation of the Constitution.

The precedent amended the Constitution.

How did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

It was against the law to segregate people based on race.

Laws permitting separation are unconstitutional.

Separation does not necessarily imply any inequality.

Desegregation was the only option to solve this court case.

Which of these statements was implied by the decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

Segregation could lead to feelings of inferiority.

Segregation often led to relatively equal opportunities.

Segregation increased levels of personal determination.

Segregation was the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment.

What was the social impact of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

It increased support for segregation by business owners.

It strengthened the growing civil rights movement.

It reduced interest in public protest relating to civil rights issues.

It generated interest in the link between grades and emotions.

Who was responsible for initially filing the lawsuit questioning the use of quotas as affirmative action?

Justice Powell

Allan Bakke

UC Davis

Board of Education

Why was Homer Plessy arrested?

He said his rights had been violated.

He was clearly of mixed heritage.

He refused to give his seat to a white person.

He sat down in a train’s whites-only car.

Chief Justice Earl Warren stated, “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” What did the use of “inherently” imply about segregation?

By its very definition, it cannot be equal.

It is an integral part of American society.

Based on its meaning, separation is a natural inclination.

It was intended to be a state right, not a national mandate.

Which accurately describes what Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education had in common?

Both cases involved protecting the right to engage in civil disobedience.

Both cases involved striking down state segregation laws.

Both cases involved affirmative action.

Both cases involved interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment.

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