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Thermal Energy and Heat — Test Answers

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A student heats a liquid on a burner. What happens to the portion of liquid that first begins to warm?

A
It sinks downward.
B
It loses energy.
C
Its molecules get closer together.
D
It becomes less dense.
4

Which material most likely gets the warmest when placed in the Sun?

A
white cement
B
beige sand
C
brown mulch
D
yellow pebbles
5

Why is thermal energy from the Sun transferred to Earth through electromagnetic waves instead of any other type of thermal energy transfer?

A
Electromagnetic waves can carry energy through matter.
B
Electromagnetic waves can move more energy than other types of energy transfer.
C
Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space.
D
Electromagnetic waves can move through gases faster than other types of energy transfer.
6

Which describes how radiation moves?

A
Radiation moves from a cool object to an object of the same temperature
B
Radiation moves from a warmer object to a cooler object
C
Radiation moves from a warm object to an object of the same temperature
D
Radiation moves from a cooler object to a warmer object
7

A thermogram taken outside a house shows high amounts of thermal energy around the windows but not around the roof. Which conclusion supports the thermogram?

A
The windows and the roof are energy efficient.
B
The windows are energy efficient, but the roof is not energy efficient.
C
The windows and the roof are not energy efficient.
D
The windows are not energy efficient, but the roof is energy efficient.
9

Which shows the formula for converting from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit?

A
degree cap f is equal to degree cap c plus 273
B
degree cap f is equal to open paren 9 fifths times degree cap c close paren plus 32
C
degree cap f is equal to 5 ninths times open paren degree cap c minus 32 close paren
D
degree cap f is equal to degree cap c minus 273
10

A scientist designed a foam container to help keep frozen foods from melting. Which best explains how the foam works?

A
It removes thermal energy from the air inside the container.
B
It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from outside to inside the container.
C
It removes thermal energy from the frozen foods inside the container.
D
It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from inside to outside the container.
12

A student places a large pot of cold water on a stove and heats it for one minute. Then she takes the pot of water off the burner and places it on the counter. Which best describes the convection currents?

A
Convection currents move thermal energy from the stove to the pot, and then from the pot to the water.
B
Convection currents in the water cause warmer, denser water to rise and transfer energy upward.
C
After the stove is turned off, convection currents continue to transfer energy through the water for a period of time.
D
When the stove is turned on, convection currents cause an increase in the chemical energy of water molecules.
13

Which of these indicates that a liquid has transferred thermal energy to the air?

A
The liquid decreases in temperature, and its particles gain kinetic energy.
B
The liquid increases in temperature, and its particles lose kinetic energy.
C
The liquid increases in temperature, and its particles gain kinetic energy.
D
The liquid decreases in temperature, and its particles lose kinetic energy.
14

Which best describes convection?

A
It occurs in solids, liquids, or gases that are heated.
B
It relies on the collision of particles within or between substances.
C
It results when portions of a liquid cool and rise.
D
It is driven by temperature differences within a fluid.
16

How does an increase in thermal energy affect molecules?

A
They decrease in temperature.
B
They lose kinetic energy.
C
They begin to vibrate more.
D
They stop moving.
17

Which contains the particles that are vibrating fastest?

A
boiling water
B
room-temperature water
C
frozen water
D
cold tap water
19

Which best describes Andre’s error?

A
Electromagnetic waves can transfer energy through empty space.
B
Electromagnetic waves transfer thermal energy by conduction.
C
Electromagnetic waves can only transfer energy over short distances.
D
Electromagnetic waves are not considered disturbances.
20

Which conclusion is best supported by the data?

A
The particles in substance Z have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Y.
B
The particles in substance W have a lower average kinetic energy than the particles in substance X.
C
The particles in substance X have a greater average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z.
D
The particles in substance W have a greater average kinetic energy than the particles in substance Z.

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