AnswersIC Environmental Science - DeeringTopic Test

Topic Test Answers

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21
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Where does the organic material in soil originate?

A
physical weathering
B
chemical weathering
C
decomposing plant and animal matter
D
the atmosphere
22
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Humus creates good soil tilth, which is an indirect benefit of microorganism action.

A
T
B
F
23

Which of the following areas would most likely have the deepest layer of topsoil?

A
desert
B
beach
C
grassland
D
mountaintop
24

Field patterns are the same in all parts of the world.

A
T
B
F
25

Contour farming is a method for plowing across the slope of steep hills.

A
T
B
F
26

What causes soils and their horizons to differ?

A
differences in climates where the soils are formed
B
differences in plant and animal life in different locations
C
differences in the layout of the land
D
all of the above
27

Which of the following soil properties is not influenced by microorganism activity?

A
soil acidity
B
amount of organic matter
C
nutrient levels
D
none of the above
28

Which of the following will be most influenced by the amount of organic material?

A
soil color
B
soil texture
C
soil structure
D
number of horizons
29

Which of the following factors does not affect soil formation?

A
precipitation
B
time
C
erosion
D
none of the above
30

Which layer of soil is closest to the surface?

A
O (organic matter)
B
A (topsoil)
C
B (subsoil)
D
C (parent rock)
31

Which of the following is not a way that humus affects the properties of soil?

A
Humus expands with increased moisture levels.
B
Humus increases the movement of water and air in soil.
C
Humus decreases the porosity of soil.
D
Humus acts as the basis for soil life.
32

Which of the following methods of agriculture is the most reliant upon technology and automation?

A
rangeland grazing
B
American agriculture
C
traditional rice cultivation
D
Dutch agriculture
33

How can pesticide use be harmful to human agriculture?

A
The loss of beneficial microfauna can reduce soil productivity.
B
Pesticides eliminate harmful insect pests.
C
Pesticides target the elimination of beneficial soil microflora.
D
The use of pesticides kills all soil microflora and microfauna.
34

Microorganisms and humus have little impact on soil health.

A
T
B
F
35

How is over-irrigation damaging to soil?

A
It reduces the amount of organic material in soil.
B
It results in the accumulation of salt near the soil surface.
C
It increases the acidity of soil.
D
It removes water from the water table.
36

The rate of soil formation cannot be increased.

A
T
B
F
37

Which of the following statements about horizons is true?

A
They are characterized by whether they are solid, liquid, or gas.
B
They are represented by Roman numerals.
C
All soils have completely different horizon patterns.
D
They are defined by their different physical features.
38

Which of the following is a component of healthy soil ecosystems?

A
fungi
B
bacteria
C
nematodes
D
all of the above
39

The relationship between bacteria and legumes that results in nitrogen is best described as _______.

A
parasitic
B
mutualistic
C
commensalistic
D
none of the above
40

Soil fertility is best described as being dependent upon _______.

A
the balance between organic matter and mineral nutrients
B
soil color and the local climate
C
topography and the local climate
D
soil texture

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