Topic Test Answers

Read the passage from a fictional article below and answer the question that follows.Although each of the subjects knew they could quit at any time, none of them asked to stop the experiment. They all continued to the bitter end.–Jimmy Olsen, page 251Now read the following passages from a separate article. Which of the following uses of the above passage is not considered plagiarism?A.Each of the subjects knew they could quit, but none of them asked to stop the experiment. In fact, they all continued to the bitter end, even though they were very anxious (Olsen 251).B.Even Olsen seemed surprised by the findings. He remarked that “although each of the subjects knew they could quit at any time...[t]hey all continued to the bitter end” (Olsen 251). C.Although the subjects knew they could quit, none of them even asked to stop the experiment!D.And as we look at these subjects, although clearly anxious, none of them asked to stop the experiment. They all continued to the bitter end (Olsen 251).

Loftus used her research to prove that __________.A.memories of childhood trauma are usually trueB.adults’ memories are concrete and rigidC.children have better memories than adultsD.false memories could be created using suggestion

If a researcher only wanted to examine the relationship between exercise and grade point average, _________ would be used to test the variables. A.correlation analysis B.regressionC.hypothesisD.central tendency measures

What is the American Psychological Association’s Ethical Principle of Psychologists and Code of Conduct based upon?A.The work of a dozen world-renowned philosophers and ethical savants.B.The feedback of thousands of psychologists and their ethical struggles.C.The regulatory power and authority of the United States Constitution. D.The Hippocratic rules and guidelines of medical practitioners and surgeons.

Which of the following statements concerning a valid study is correct?A.A valid study allows the researcher to draw accurate conclusions.B.A valid study does not have to be reliable.C.A valid study is inadequate in predicting a specific outcome.D.A valid study utilizes a poorly designed measure.

A two-tailed hypothesis test is used to evaluate __________. A.only a nondirectional hypothesisB.both a nondirectional and directional hypothesisC.only a directional hypothesisD.both a critical and comparative hypothesis

A Type I significance error occurs when a researcher claims that there is __________.A.enough statistical support for the research hypothesis when there is notB.not enough statistical support for the research hypothesis when there isC.enough statistical support for the research hypothesis when there isD.not enough statistical support for the research hypothesis when there is not

What is one ethical issue demonstrated in the Milgram experiments? A.Milgram and his associates were willing to harm one person with electric shocks in order to learn.B.Milgram and his associates did not discover anything important about psychological issues.C.Milgram and his associates pressured subjects to continue after they signaled that they wished to stop.D.Milgram and his associates debriefed subjects afterwards to ensure they understood the experiment.

If the observed test value of a hypothesis test is outside of the established critical value(s), a researcher would __________.

Summarize two of the most common arguments made by animal rights advocates to support the discontinuation of animals in research.

Ethics is described as the principles of right and wrong behavior.

The mean, median, and mode of a distribution are __________.A. measures of central tendencyB. measures of variabilityC. types of transformed scoresD. types of deviations

Some believe that deception is a necessary tool for psychological research because deception __________.

Explain why it is important to be skeptical of statistical results reported in the media.

List three reasons why a study may be considered invalid.