Topic Test Answers

Kohlberg believed that human moral development is strongly based on the fact that we all have a desire for justice and a(n) __________.A.impartiality for fairnessB.concern with conflicting responsibilitiesC.tendency to engage in perspective takingD.concern with competing rights

A caregiver who makes few demands of one’s children and is not responsive or nurturing is displaying __________ parenting.A.authoritarianB.uninvolvedC.authoritativeD.permissive

The goodness of fit is when caregivers recognize their child’s temperament and work with it in order to raise a well-adjusted child.

Piaget believed that language helped foster cognitive development.

Vygotsky believed that learning primarily occurred through __________.A.schemas formed from one’s experiencesB.one’s experiences with the environmentC.one’s social interactions with othersD.use of symbolism through experience

Which of the following is not an example of scaffolding?A.presenting the learner with a leading questionB.asking the learner to begin working on a problemC.showing a learner the solution to a problemD.completing the first part of a problem for a learner

One who believes that wrong behavior is the behaviors that are punished is in the ___________ of moral reasoning. A. unconventional B. postconventional C. preconventional D. conventional Please select the best answer from the choices provided

In which of Piaget’s stages would a child be if the child has just developed object permanence? A. concrete operational B. preoperational C. sensorimotor D. formal operational Please select the best answer from the choices provided

When Marc was an infant, he did not adapt well to change, but as a preadolescent, he will eventually accept changes if they are introduced gradually. Marc is most likely __________.A.difficultB.easyC.slow-to-warm-upD.securely attached

Which of the following is not a parenting style?A.authoritarianB.disorganizedC.authoritativeD.permissive

Individuals in the postconventional level emphasize behaving in a manner that will not cause them to be criticized by authority figures. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Lawrence Kohlberg felt that one of the only ways individuals will accomplish the objectives in each of his six stages was to participate in __________ in small group settings. A. consensus democracy B. obedience and punishment C. law and order D. ethical behaviors Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Read the following scenario and answer the question that follows. Marley and Soncy witnessed their classmate, Josh, get into trouble by their fourth grade teacher. Marley claimed that Josh's behavior was wrong because he hurt another student and Soncy claimed that Josh's behavior was wrong because he broke the class rules. Based on Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning which of the following statements would Kohlberg agree with? A. Marley is at a higher level of moral reasoning than Soncy. B. Soncy is at a higher level of moral reasoning than Marley. C. Soncy and Marley are at the same level of moral reasoning. D. Marley reason's differently than Soncy because Marley is more mature. Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Anxious-ambivalent children tend to be disorganized when exploring their surroundings.

When it comes to the development of the ability to think and reason, individuals in __________ tend to be less self-centered and begin to think about decisions that have an effect on the world around them. A.late adolescenceB.middle adulthoodC.early adolescenceD.early adulthood

According to Erikson’s __________ stage of psychosocial development, children learn to trust and eventually form a close attachment to those who fills their needs. A.trust versus mistrustB.initiative versus guiltC.autonomy versus shame and doubtD.industry versus inferiority

Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development emphasizes that development occurs by overcoming an emotional crisis in each of the eight stages of one’s lifetime.

The crisis in Erikson’s identity versus role confusion stage of psychosocial development is that the individual must __________.A.be creative, productive, and nurturing B.control one’s behavior in social situations beyond familyC.realize who or what one wants to beD.form a close, intimate relationship with someone else

Which of the following statements concerning moral development is not true? Please select the best answer from the choices provided

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is based on one's personal code of ethics? A. unconventional B. conventional C. preconventional D. postconventional Please select the best answer from the choices provided