AnswersOC27 EarthSpace Sci-2001310-S2-NelsonFission and Fusion

UNIT 7: Test Answers

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A relationship exists between gravity, mass, and distance. The greater the mass of the objects, the greater the gravitational force between them. The greater the distance between the objects, the weaker the gravitational force between them.

A
two objects, each with a mass of 10 kg, separated by a distance of 10 m
B
two objects, each with a mass of 20 kg, separated by a distance of 10 m
C
two objects, each with a mass of 20 kg, separated by a distance of 15 m
D
two objects, each with a mass of 10 kg, separated by a distance of 15 m
2
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Question illustration
A
gravitational
B
electromagnetic
C
strong
D
weak
3

If an unshielded sample of radioactive material emits alpha particles, what effect will it have on a person sitting in the next room? (Assume the wall between rooms is composed of concrete.)

A
None, because the wall will block the radiation.
B
The radiation will travel through the person’s body.
C
None, because the radiation will bounce off the person’s body.
D
The radiation will be totally absorbed by the person’s body.
4

Roberto makes a graphic organizer to compare fusion nuclear reactions and fission nuclear reactions.

Question illustration
A
X: Smaller nuclei formY: Thermal energy is producedZ: A larger nucleus forms
B
X: Large amounts of energy are releasedY: One or more neutrons is releasedZ: Smaller nuclei form
C
X: One or more neutrons is releasedY: A larger nucleus formsZ: Large amounts of energy are released
D
X: A larger nucleus formsY: Large amounts of energy are releasedZ: Smaller nuclei form
5

What force acts between Earth and the moon?

A
gravity
B
mass
C
motion
D
newtons
6

Which best describes fusion nuclear reactors?

A
They use rods containing uranium for fuel.
B
They are currently used for electricity in several highly populated countries.
C
They are used in some naval vessels, such as submarines.
D
They have been successful, but they are very expensive to operate.
7

Which is a factor that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?

A
the orbital path of the moon
B
the gravitational pull of the Sun
C
the continuous motion of the universe
D
Earth’s changing speed and direction
8

Which causes objects in the universe to resist a change in speed or direction?

A
gravity
B
inertia
C
motion
D
orbit
9

Which particles that make up an atom are involved in nuclear reactions?

A
protons only
B
protons and neutrons
C
electrons only
D
electrons and neutrons
10

Which remains the same as the distance of an object from Earth changes?

A
size of the force
B
strength of gravity
C
mass of the object
D
weight of the object
11

Which statement describes why energy is released in a nuclear fission reaction based on mass-energy equivalence?

A
For large nuclei, the mass of the original nucleus is greater than the mass of the products.
B
For large nuclei, the mass of the original nucleus is less than the mass of the products.
C
For small nuclei, the binding energy of the lighter nuclei is greater than the binding energy of the heavier nucleus.
D
For small nuclei, the binding energy of the lighter nuclei is less than the binding energy of the heavier nucleus.
12

After a radioactive atom decays, it is the same element that it was before with no measurable change in mass. Which kind of decay has occurred, and how do you know?

A
alpha decay because alpha particles have no mass
B
beta decay because this kind of decay cannot change one element into another
C
alpha decay because it creates a new isotope of the same element
D
gamma decay because photons have no mass
13

A large atom decays and emits a particle. After the reaction is complete, the atom’s mass has changed substantially. What kind of particle has most likely been emitted?

A
alpha particle
B
beta particle
C
positron
D
photon
14

[BLANK]

A
mass-energy equivalence
B
mass defect
C
binding energy
D
mass-energy conservation
15

Which best explains why the electromagnetic force can be used to demonstrate how like charges behave when they come together?

A
Electromagnetism has a very small range.
B
Electromagnetism has an infinite range.
C
Electromagnetism can attract.
D
Electromagnetism can repel.

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