Art of the Ancient Near East — Unit test Answers

The images depict the judgment of a pharaoh in the afterlife, a scene from ancient Egyptian funerary belief. The half-human, half-animal figures are Egyptian gods such as Anubis, who was associated with mummification and guiding the dead. The mummified ruler is being presented for judgment so he may enter the afterlife. This type of scene reflects Egyptian beliefs about the ka, the soul, and the importance of proper burial rituals.

Sumerians developed seals for identifying documents and establishing property ownership. When a cylinder stamp was rolled across soft clay and applied to the closure that was to be sealed, an impression was left. This impression insured that no unauthorized person could open whatever was being sealed.

Between 4000 and 3000 BCE, the agricultural villages of the Fertile Crescent turned into prosperous cities with developed specialized skills. Grain mills and ovens were added along with brick and pottery kilns, textile and metal workshops. With the addition of these extra goods came increased trade and contact with other cultures.

Answers may vary, but should be similar to the following: Pericles dominated Athenian Politics. He led Athens to a period of great wealth known as the “Golden Age” and used Athenian wealth for the adornment of the city. Encouraged artists to promote a public image of peace, prosperity, and power. There were many examples of great structures and vases created during this time period.

This sculpture is entitled Nike of Samothrace. It was created during the Hellenistic period. It is thought to have commemorated an important naval victory, or some other type of war victory.

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Before the Edict, Christian art was still made, but rarely seen. The most rare type of Christian art was sculpture since it was the hardest to hide. Most sculptures before the Edict were made of marble and depicted the Good Shepard (Christ). Christian artist would attempt to place images in works of art that would be symbolic to the Christian people, but would go unnoticed by pagans.

The Rosetta Stone contained a decree honoring Ptolomy V. A French scholar found the names of Ptolomy and Cleopatra in Demotic, and was able to match these to the Greek writing. This is when it was discovered that the same information written in three languages. After that, it took three years to decode the entire passage.

The Upper phase took place between 40,000 and 4,000 BCE. This phase is marked by the fascination of people with creating images. It is the first time in history that people and animals begin to be represented in art form, in a realistic fashion. The people used ochers to paint images in caves.

This is an example of a tomb decoration. This is called Pectoral of Senusret II. The decoration includes a scarab, a crown, and an ankh, which were all prominent symbols of strength and protection in Egyptian culture and art. It was made out of gold and semi-precious stones. It was found in the tomb of a king’s daughter.