Faulty Reasoning and Fallacies — Unit test Answers

Read the argument excerpt.Many dog owners find that they love the energy and presence of large-breed dogs. However, sometimes those owners live in small spaces such as apartments or row houses with little or no outside space. Have you ever seen a giant dog cooped up in a tiny apartment? Clearly, large dogs need ample space to run and exercise to maintain proper health. Owners should evaluate the space needs of a breed before choosing one. If owners in small living spaces insist on keeping large-breed dogs, the dogs’ health will suffer.

Read the paragraph.Students enrolled in Physics 101 were asked to assemble wooden cars to demonstrate the principles of friction. The cars began as uniform kits, each containing a four-inch block of wood, four wheels, and two metal rods. Students carved, assembled, painted, and embellished their creations. In the end, there was an impressive line-up of mini racers with sleek, sanded bodies. They represented every color of the rainbow, with racing stripes and lightning bolts adorning many.

Read the debate between Juan and Anita. Juan: Electric cars are worse for the environment than gas cars. The materials required for designing and constructing electric cars cause more pollution than those for gas cars.Anita: People who use gas vehicles do not care about future generations. The accumulated exhaust from gas cars is the worst polluter and main cause of global warming. If someone cannot avoid buying a gas car, then they shouldn’t be allowed to own a vehicle.

Read the excerpt from "Hokusai's The Great Wave” by Neil MacGregor.Here’s a snatch of the letter from the president of the United States that Perry delivered to the Japanese emperor:Many of the large ships-of-war destined to visit Japan have not yet arrived in these seas, and the undersigned, as an evidence of his friendly intentions, has brought but four of the smaller ones, designing, should it become necessary, to return to Edo in the ensuing spring with a much larger force. But it is expected that the government of your imperial majesty will render such return unnecessary, by acceding at once to the very reasonable and pacific overtures contained in the president’s letter . . .This was textbook gunboat diplomacy, and it worked. Japanese resistance melted, and very quickly the Japanese embraced the new economic model, becoming energetic players in the international markets they had been forced to join. They began to think differently about the sea that surrounded them, and their awareness of the possible opportunities in the world beyond grew fast.

Which quotation from A History of the World in 100 Objects best reveals the cultural significance of the Benin plaque?

Jerome wants to write a paper about the cardiovascular system.

Consider the paragraph and image.When I turned fifteen, my uncle bought me a model rocket. I was skeptical at first, thinking it was a toy for a kid. But my uncle explained that it contained everything needed for a real launch, from an engine to a parachute.

Read the excerpt from a literary blog.While many scholars make powerful and convincing arguments for the literary genius of Zora Neale Hurston, Edgar Allan Poe, or John Steinbeck, Willa Cather is arguably the best novelist ever known to American readers. Her most famous novel, My Ántonia, is a work of pure genius. Written in 1918, the autobiographical masterpiece tells the story of Ántonia Shimerda, the daughter of immigrant parents. Told through the eyes of her childhood friend, Jim Burden, Ántonia’s story chronicles the hardships of living as a pioneer in the prairielands of the American Midwest. Surprisingly, Cather was able to remember her experience of moving from Virginia to Nebraska as a nine-year-old child and use her pain and happiness from those times to create the most beautiful novel ever written. No one has ever been able to capture life on the Western plains as Cather did. At the time of its publication, Cather’s unmistakable talent was lauded throughout the world. Cather rightfully gained her place among the esteemed writers of the modern literary movement.

Read this excerpt from a website.Sugar has been determined to have cognitive effects on consumers. While glucose (sugar) is essential to proper brain function, an overabundance of this nutrient can have severe consequences for brain health. High-sugar diets can impair the production of a protein needed to maintain working synapses, which are the connections between nerve cells. Without an adequate amount of this protein, communication among synapses starts to break down, resulting in cognitive decline. Medical professionals are distressed by the overwhelming amounts of added sugar in heavily consumed foods. To break the desire to indulge in sweets, one may need to seek medical guidance.– "Sugar: Friend or Foe?” by William Harris, Registered Dietician, www.nutritionplace.org

Read the argument excerpt.Many dog owners find that they love the energy and presence of large-breed dogs. However, sometimes those owners live in small spaces such as apartments or row houses with little or no outside space. Have you ever seen a giant dog cooped up in a tiny apartment? Clearly, large dogs need ample space to run and exercise to maintain proper health. Owners should evaluate the space needs of a breed before choosing one. If owners in small living spaces insist on keeping large-breed dogs, the dogs’ health will suffer.

Read the excerpt.Cooking authentic barbecue cuisine is a delicious activity for any home cook. It requires carefully balancing a mix of sweet, salty, acidic, and spicy flavors. Cooks can achieve these four basic flavors with some simple ingredients, such as brown sugar, soy sauce, apple cider vinegar, and cayenne pepper. Together, these ingredients create a tasty, smoky barbecue meal. Barbecue is a favorite in many US states and extremely common across the South. Since it is so familiar, anyone interested in perfecting their barbecue skills should avoid wasting money on expensive cookbooks and classes and simply use a trial-and-error method to make fantastic barbecue.

Read the excerpt about Paco and Arthur’s debate.Paco and Arthur are debating about conserving energy. Paco argues that it is important for people to save as much energy as possible to try to help the environment. Arthur argues that people should use their energy however they want because they pay for it.