Read this paragraph from The Dark Game.When the war began, Elizabeth Van Lew was considered a southern "spinster." She was in her early forties and unmarried. What could she do, she wondered, to serve her country? The answer came to her when she recalled her father's aunt Letitia telling her how she had ministered to the captured troops of the Continental army during the American Revolution, especially those who had been wounded in action.
Read a student’s reaction to a nonfiction article.Summary:I read an article by Alfred Jenson about oil spills. Jenson has crossed the Arctic Ocean many times on vessels designed for exploration and research. He believes oil spills can be prevented with stricter international regulations governing oil transport.Controlling Idea:The controlling idea of Jenson’s article is that many oil spills have occurred in recent years in the Arctic Ocean.
Read the excerpt from The Code Book.More than a hundred million e-mails are sent around the world each day, and they are all vulnerable to interception. Digital technology has aided communication, but it has also given rise to the possibility of those communications being monitored. According to Zimmermann, cryptographers have a duty to encourage the use of encryption and thereby protect the privacy of the individual:A future government could inherit a technology infrastructure that's optimized for surveillance, where they can watch the movements of their political opposition, every financial transaction, every communication, every bit of e-mail, every phone call. Everything could be filtered and scanned and automatically recognized by voice recognition technology and transcribed. It's time for cryptography to step out of the shadows of spies and the military, and step into the sunshine and be embraced by the rest of us.
Read the excerpt from The Dark Game.On February 24, when Hall sensed that the Zimmermann telegram would tip the balance in favor of the U.S. joining the Allied forces, the British home secretary presented the telegram to President Wilson. One week later, news of the Zimmermann telegram was splashed across the front page of American newspapers. On April 6, 1917, the Congress of the United States declared war on Germany and its allies.
Read the excerpt from The Code Book.The difference between ordinary and digital mail can be illustrated by imagining that Alice wants to send out invitations to her birthday party, and that Eve, who has not been invited, wants to know the time and place of the party. If Alice uses the traditional method of posting letters, then it is very difficult for Eve to intercept one of the invitations. . . .In comparison, Eve's task is made considerably easier if Alice sends her invitations by e-mail.
Which pieces of textual evidence support the inference that the codebook was of high importance? Select 2 options.
Read the excerpt from The Dark Game.As Montgomery and de Grey slowly made their way through the message, they noticed more and more oddities. For example, 97556 appeared near the end of the message; the 90000 family indicated important names that were not used very often in messages. We can imagine their shock when they realized that 97556 stood for Zimmermann. That single name fired the men with excitement as they began working on the message from the beginning.
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Read the excerpt from The Dark Game: True Spy Stories from Invisible Ink to CIA Moles.Yet, by the time Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox, Virginia, some four years later, about 620,000 soldiers had died on the battlefields, more than American battle deaths in all other wars from the Revolution through the Vietnam War.
Read the excerpt from The Dark Game: True Spy Stories from Invisible Ink to CIA Moles.Wyke's work was always delicate and demanding, more so in the damp and confined space. Gently and carefully, Wyke scraped the dirt until he found the three cables encased in black rubber and, he believed, pressurized by nitrogen, a common practice in the 1950s to keep moisture out of cables. He knew that once he cut through the rubber sheathing on the cables, the nitrogen would escape. The resulting drop in pressure would be detected by the Soviets. The engineers solved this potential problem by building a concrete barrier with a steel door to pressurize the tap chamber and separate it from the pre-amp room. (It turned out that the cables were not pressurized.)Wyke next attached wires to the exposed cable—probably with alligator clips—and began to draw power from the cables. Once again, the work called for a deft hand. If he drew off too much power, the Soviets would be sure to notice it. As expected, Wyke did a masterful job, and the tapping began on May 11, 1955.
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Read this excerpt from The Dark Game.Another thing that changed very little in the years between the wars was the means of obtaining military intelligence. Although the use of photography and the telegraph brought some technological advances, the craft of spying on the enemy's army still relied on fieldwork.
Read the excerpt from The Code Book.A theoretical breakthrough would be a fundamentally new way of finding Alice's private key.
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