AnswersHSOH-Geology IEvaluating Scientific Explanations

Evaluating Scientific Explanations — Unit test Answers

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1
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Which statement best describes how an existing theory is often affected by the development of new technology?

A
An existing theory is thrown out and replaced with a completely new theory based on the new observations.
B
An existing theory is modified so that it can explain both the old and new observations.
C
An existing theory remains the same because a theory is a proven fact that is always true.
D
An existing theory is kept unchanged while a new theory is developed to explain the new observations.
2
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Which data can be measured quantitatively?

A
speed of light
B
odor of gas
C
texture of a solid
D
color of a flame
3

Vincent graduated from college with a degree in horticulture and now owns a local plant nursery. He maintains a blog titled, "How to Live a Happy Life,” and writes that people can lead happier lives by varying the routes they usually take home from work.

A
This claim is scientific because it is based on Vincent’s personal experience.
B
This claim is scientific because other people have taken his advice and are now happier.
C
This claim may not be accurate because the blog is produced by someone who is not an expert in the field of human psychology.
D
This claim may not be accurate because most people follow the same route home.
4

The list shows the results of six athletes competing in the long jump, which has a target distance of 20 feet.12 feet, 11 feet, 13 feet, 10 feet, 20 feet, 12 feet

A
fairly accurate but not precise
B
fairly precise but not accurate
C
not precise and not accurate
D
fairly precise and fairly accurate
5

A company that manufactures cookware has conducted numerous trials to see which metal needs the least amount of energy (measured in Joules, J) to be raised to high temperatures, and records the averages in a table. Which claim will this company most likely make?

Question illustration
A
Aluminum pans are the most energy-efficient cookware.
B
Copper pans are the most energy-efficient cookware, but they cost the most.
C
Iron pans require less energy to heat up than copper frying pans, but they cost less.
D
Copper pans require the most energy to heat up.
6

The table shows results of an experiment that was replicated.

Question illustration
A
They are precise and reproducible.
B
They are precise but not reproducible.
C
They are accurate and reproducible.
D
They are accurate but not reproducible.
7

What is 0.000345 expressed in scientific notation?

A
3.45 × 102
B
3.45 × 104
C
3.45 × 10–2
D
3.45 × 10–4
8

Why is it important to have a control group in an experimental investigation?

A
to show what happens when the dependent variable is not changed
B
to see how the dependent variable changes the independent variable
C
to compare the results when the independent variable is not involved
D
to allow the researchers to change the dependent variable as they wish
9

Chet plans an experimental investigation to see how well a new fertilizer works on daisies. The fertilizer must be dissolved in water and delivered to the plants by spraying it onto the leaves and stems.To set up his control group for the experiment, Chet should leave out the

A
air.
B
water.
C
daisies.
D
fertilizer.
10

Gerard lives in a tropical region where the average annual temperature is 77°F and the average annual rainfall is more than 100 inches a year. He surveys 25 people in his neighborhood about items they regularly use and records the data into a table.

Question illustration
A
umbrellas
B
insulated gloves
C
raincoats
D
rubber boots
11

Advancements in which field have increased the ability to store increasing amounts of data on electronic devices?

A
social skills
B
driving skills
C
technology
D
biology
12

Scientists often work on projects for a long time and fail to see sources of error in their research. Which process allows an outside expert to look at the scientist’s project and point to sources of error?

A
direct funding
B
peer review
C
conclusive research
D
data collection
13

Which describes the correct procedure when converting a number from scientific notation to standard notation?

A
If the power of 10 is positive, move the decimal point to the left.
B
If the power of 10 is positive, move the decimal point to the right.
C
If the number being converted is greater than 10, move the decimal point to the left.
D
If the number being converted is greater than 10, move the decimal point to the right.
14

Look at the graph below.

Question illustration
A
line
B
bar
C
scatterplot
D
histogram
15

Which is one reason why hydrogen is considered a better fuel source for cars?

A
It is nonrenewable.
B
It produces carbon dioxide.
C
It emits no harmful emissions.
D
It combines with water to produce electricity.

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