AnswersEarth Science Essentials IIntroduction to Earth Science

Introduction to Earth Science — Unit test Answers

13 verified answers
1
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Which sphere of Earth do humans exist in?

A
atmosphere
B
biosphere
C
hydrosphere
D
lithosphere
2
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Gerard lives in a tropical region where the average annual temperature is 77°F and the average annual rainfall is more than 100 inches a year. He surveys 25 people in his neighborhood about items they regularly use and records the data into a table.

Question illustration
A
umbrellas
B
insulated gloves
C
raincoats
D
rubber boots
3

Look at the graph below.

Question illustration
A
line
B
bar
C
scatterplot
D
histogram
4

The table shows results of an experiment that was replicated.

Question illustration
A
They are precise and reproducible.
B
They are precise but not reproducible.
C
They are accurate and reproducible.
D
They are accurate but not reproducible.
5

Scientists often work on projects for a long time and fail to see sources of error in their research. Which process allows an outside expert to look at the scientist’s project and point to sources of error?

A
direct funding
B
peer review
C
conclusive research
D
data collection
6

Which type of data would a geologist most likely collect?

A
the range of an aquatic organism
B
the effect of disease on a population of trees
C
the earthquake potential in a specific area
D
the rate of deforestation in a specific area
7

How old is Earth?

A
about 2,000 years old
B
about 10,000 years old
C
about 2.5 million years old
D
about 4.6 billion years old
8

A scientist wanted to observe how plants respond when growing in an overcrowded area. He planted 200 seedlings close together and monitored plant height for several weeks.Which part of this study would most likely rely on technology?

A
processing large amounts of plant height data quickly
B
determining an estimated plant height for one seedling
C
determining which factors to control in the experiment
D
recording observations about plant growth in a science notebook
9

The MSDS for glacial acetic acid says that it is a flammable liquid that can severely burn any human tissue it comes in contact with. It reacts with bases, various metals, and strong oxidizing agents. Its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Based on this information, which statement is applicable to glacial acetic acid?

A
It should be heated to remove moisture and stored on a lab shelf.
B
It should be handled on a clean, dry area of the lab bench.
C
It should be stored in an iron container, away from open flames.
D
It should be handled in a fume hood, away from open flames.
10

Which describes the correct procedure when converting a number from scientific notation to standard notation?

A
If the power of 10 is positive, move the decimal point to the left.
B
If the power of 10 is positive, move the decimal point to the right.
C
If the number being converted is greater than 10, move the decimal point to the left.
D
If the number being converted is greater than 10, move the decimal point to the right.
11

Which term best describes the important pieces of information that scientists gather and record during an experiment?

A
conclusions
B
data
C
research
D
supplies
12

Read the passage about the fluoridation of drinking water.Since the early 1960s, fluoride has been added to many sources of drinking water to prevent cavities in teeth. This is called fluoridation. There are some who say that this is unnecessary and increases the risk of cancer.In 1993, the Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride of the National Research Council, part of the National Academy of Sciences, conducted an extensive study about the link between fluoridated drinking water and increased cancer risk. The study included data from more than 50 human disease studies and six animal studies. The Subcommittee concluded that none of the data showed a link between fluoridated drinking water and cancer. A 1999 report by the CDC supported these findings. The CDC report concluded that studies so far have produced "no credible evidence” of a link between fluoridated drinking water and an increased risk for cancer.

A
There is no link between fluoride exposure and increased cancer risk in humans.
B
There is a possible link between fluoride exposure and increased cancer risk in humans.
C
There is a definite link between fluoride exposure and increased cancer risk in humans and animals.
D
There is a possible link between fluoride exposure and increased cancer risk in animals.
13

Which data can be measured quantitatively?

A
speed of light
B
odor of gas
C
texture of a solid
D
color of a flame
14

Which statement best describes the variables in a controlled experiment?

A
The independent variable is changed to see its effect on the dependent variable while all other conditions are unchanged.
B
The dependent variable is changed to see its effect on the independent variable while all other conditions are unchanged.
C
The independent variable is allowed to change, and the dependent variable is held constant to see what other conditions show a relationship.
D
The dependent variable is allowed to change, and the independent variable is held constant to see what other conditions show a relationship.
15

What is 0.000345 expressed in scientific notation?

A
3.45 × 102
B
3.45 × 104
C
3.45 × 10–2
D
3.45 × 10–4

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