AnswersTX-Chemistry BUnit Test

Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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A student writes the following statements about the relationship between mass defect and nuclear binding energy.1. When an isotope’s protons and neutrons come together to form a nuclide, a small amount of mass is converted to energy.2. An equivalent amount of energy must be added to the nuclide to split apart its protons and neutrons.3. Statement 1 describes the isotope’s nuclear binding energy, and statement 2 describes the isotope’s mass defect.Which statement is correct?

A
1 only
B
2 only
C
1 and 2 only
D
1, 2, and 3
2
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Which radiation detection method creates visible trails that can show the direction of ionizing particles?

A
Geiger counter
B
scintillation counter
C
film badge
D
cloud chamber
3

Which type of radiation do people try to protect themselves from by wearing protective clothing that is made of aluminum?

A
alpha radiation
B
beta radiation
C
gamma radiation
D
photon radiation
4

Which type of reaction does this diagram represent?

Question illustration
A
a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fission
B
a chain reaction that is caused by nuclear fusion
C
a decrease in energy that is caused by nuclear fission
D
an increase in energy that is caused by nuclear fusion
5

Why would a doctor most likely restrict a patient’s contact with other people while the patient receives internal radiation?

A
The patient’s stress and anxiety would be eliminated.
B
High levels of radiation can diffuse through the patient’s skin.
C
Social contact would increase the effect of the radiation treatment.
D
Radioactive material can leave the patient’s body through saliva, sweat, and urine.
6

The atomic symbol represents potassium-40 (K-40), a radioactive isotope that has 19 protons and 21 neutrons. Which atomic symbol could represent an isotope that results from the decay of K-40?

Question illustration
A
Superscript 40 subscript 18 upper A r.
Option A
B
Superscript 40 subscript 18 upper K
Option B
C
Superscript 42 subscript 20 upper C a
Option C
D
Superscript 42 subscript 20 upper K.
Option D
7

Which procedure will most increase the energy output of a nuclear reactor?

A
exposing the core to the outside world
B
removing fissile material from the core
C
decreasing the amount of steam produced
D
raising the control rods out of the reactor
8

Which best describes what forms in nuclear fission?

A
two smaller, more stable nuclei
B
two larger, less stable nuclei
C
one smaller, less stable nucleus
D
one larger, more stable nucleus
9

Consider the three equations below.Which statement do these reactions best support?

Question illustration
A
Beta decay occurs only in certain atoms.
B
Alpha decay occurs only in certain atoms.
C
Chain reactions play important roles in the process of nuclear fission.
D
Nuclear fusion plays an important role in making elements that are heavier than helium.
10

Consider the nuclear equation below.Which is the missing value that will balance the equation?

Question illustration
A
84
B
86
C
88
D
90
11

A radioactive nuclide that is used for radiation therapy for cancer has 33 neutrons and a mass number of 60. Which is the correct symbol for this nuclide?

A
Superscript 27 subscript 60 upper C o.
Option A
B
Superscript 33 subscript 60 upper C o.
Option B
C
Superscript 60 subscript 33 upper C o.
Option C
D
Superscript 60 subscript 27 upper C o.
Option D
12

A stable atom that has a large nucleus most likely contains

A
more neutrons than protons.
B
more protons than neutrons.
C
equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
D
changing numbers of protons and neutrons.
15

What happens when the amount of fissionable material exceeds the critical mass?

A
The chain reaction accelerates as more neutrons are generated with each round of reaction.
B
The chain reaction is not sustained and eventually stops.
C
The density of the reacting particles decreases, slowing the reaction.
D
The amount of material needed to establish a new critical mass increases.
16

Which best describes nuclear fusion?

A
A nucleus spontaneously splits and absorbs energy.
B
Two nuclei spontaneously combine and absorb energy.
C
A nucleus collides with a neutron and splits, releasing energy.
D
Nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
17

Which represents the balanced nuclear equation for the beta plus decay of C-11?

A
Superscript 11 subscript 6 upper C right arrow superscript 11 subscript 5 upper B plus superscript 0 subscript plus 1 e.
Option A
B
Superscript 11 subscript 6 upper C right arrow superscript 11 subscript 7 upper N plus superscript 0 subscript plus 1 e.
Option B
C
Superscript 11 subscript 6 upper C right arrow superscript 11 subscript 7 upper N plus superscript 0 subscript negative 1 e.
Option C
D
Superscript 11 subscript 6 upper C right arrow superscript 11 subscript 5 upper B plus superscript 0 subscript negative 1 e.
Option D
18

The alpha decay of a radioactive nuclide (X) emits a He-4 nucleus and produces an isotope of . What is X?

Question illustration
A
Superscript 235 subscript 91 upper P a.
Option A
B
Superscript 235 subscript 93 upper N p.
Option B
C
Superscript 236 subscript 92 upper U.
Option C
D
Superscript 239 subscript 94 upper P u.
Option D
19

In which isotope is the strong nuclear force not strong enough to balance electrostatic forces between protons?

A
carbon-13
B
hydrogen-2
C
neon-21
D
uranium-238

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