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Characteristics of Life — Unit test Answers

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The structure of DNA resembles a twisted ladder. Which structural components form the rungs of the ladder?

A
deoxyribose sugars
B
phosphate groups
C
nitrogenous base pairs
D
ribosomes
2
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Missense, nonsense, and silent mutations are examples of which type of mutation?

A
substitution
B
insertion
C
deletion
D
replication
3

Which of the following difference between DNA and RNA allows them to perform their unique functions?

A
DNA contains ribose, while RNA contains deoxyribose.
B
DNA is single-stranded, whereas RNA is double-stranded.
C
DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.
D
RNA is found only in the nucleus, while DNA is found only in the cytoplasm.
4

A scientist observes a pair of separate chromosomes that have genes for the same trait arranged in the same order. However, some of the alleles for the genes are different. What is the scientist most likely observing?

A
homologous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles
B
homologous chromosomes with homozygous alleles
C
heterozygous chromosomes with heterozygous alleles
D
heterozygous chromosomes with homozygous alleles
5

Which step in transcription occurs first?

A
mRNA moves the code from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein production.
B
A gene is expressed through protein production.
C
RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter.
D
A repressor protein must attach to the operator.
6

Which best describes a codon?

A
a cell structure that gives the master instructions for an organism
B
a segment of DNA that is the basis of heredity in organisms
C
the sequence of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid
D
the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
7

Which best describes a gene?

A
the short arm of a chromosome
B
tightly coiled strands of DNA
C
the center of a chromosome
D
a segment of chromosomal DNA
8

Which is not something that occurs in translation?

A
A codon and an anticodon pair.
B
A peptide bond is created.
C
A molecule of mRNA is formed.
D
An amino acid is added to a polypeptide.
9

Which base is found only in DNA?

A
adenine
B
guanine
C
cytosine
D
thymine
10

A strand of DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, cytosine, and guanine, in that order. Which would be the order of the bases on the opposite strand of DNA?

A
cytosine, adenine, adenine, and thymine
B
cytosine, thymine, thymine, and adenine
C
thymine, guanine, guanine, and cytosine
D
thymine, adenine, adenine, and cytosine
11

Photo 51 is a picture of the structure of DNA that was used to create a model of DNA. Who created the photo?

A
James Watson and Francis Crick
B
Erwin Chargaff
C
Rosalind Franklin
D
Friedrich Miescher
12

Consider the diagram.Which process is represented?

Question illustration
A
nondisjunction
B
translocation
C
inversion
D
insertion
13

Which flow chart correctly organizes the structures of heredity, from least to most complex?

A
codon ® gene ® DNA ® chromosome
B
gene ® chromosome ® codon ® DNA
C
DNA ® codon ® chromosome ® gene
D
chromosome ® DNA ® gene ® codon
14

What does a karyotype show?

A
genetic abnormalities
B
relationships among family members
C
carriers of a genetic disorder in a family
D
alleles on each chromosome
15

What does DNA provide the code for?

A
nitrogenous base pairing
B
protein synthesis
C
deoxyribose formation
D
nucleotide synthesis

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