AnswersCMS Summer 2026 Earth and Environmental Science CREDIT RECOVERYEarth-Moon-Sun System

Earth-Moon-Sun System — Unit test Answers

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1
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Observable matter makes up about what percentage of the universe?

A
5%
B
10%
C
50%
D
95%
2
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Which remains the same as the distance of an object from Earth changes?

A
size of the force
B
strength of gravity
C
mass of the object
D
weight of the object
3

Which discovery did Galileo make to support the theory that the planets, including Earth, orbit the Sun?

A
Venus has phases.
B
The orbits of the planets are elliptical
C
Earth’s rotation causes the Sun to rise in the sky.
D
The planets move faster when they orbit closer to the Sun.
4

What did Johannes Kepler contribute to the study of planets?

A
He formulated the universal law of gravitation.
B
He identified the first moons of Jupiter.
C
He collected detailed data that led to the proposal of the heliocentric model.
D
He provided mathematical support for the heliocentric model.
5

What was discovered in 1965 and is believed to be leftover thermal energy from the big bang?

A
red shift
B
the Eagle Nebula
C
the Doppler effect
D
background radiation
6

What force acts between Earth and the moon?

A
gravity
B
mass
C
motion
D
newtons
7

Which causes objects in the universe to resist a change in speed or direction?

A
gravity
B
inertia
C
motion
D
orbit
8

Why did scientists struggle for thousands of years to accurately describe the solar system?

A
Venus has phases like the moon.
B
Many people spoke Italian and did not understand Latin.
C
The planets appeared to move backward in the sky occasionally.
D
Scientists could not explain why the Sun appeared to rise and set every day.
9

Which is a factor that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?

A
the orbital path of the moon
B
the gravitational pull of the Sun
C
the continuous motion of the universe
D
Earth’s changing speed and direction
10

The image shown is an illustration of Kepler’s second law.

Question illustration
A
The gravitational force at W is less than the gravitational force at Y.
B
The time needed to travel from W to X is the same as the time needed to travel from Y to Z.
C
The gravitational force at W is the same as the gravitational force at Y.
D
The time needed to travel from W to X is greater than the time needed to travel from Y to Z.
11

About how old is the Sun?

A
1.2 billion years
B
4.6 billion years
C
6.4 billion years
D
8.2 billion years
12

Which statement is supported by Kepler’s laws?

A
The closer a planet is to the Sun, the faster it moves.
B
The farther a planet is from the Sun, the faster it moves.
C
As a planet moves away from the Sun, its gravitational force increases.
D
As a planet moves away from the Sun, its gravitational force remains the same.
13

What is luminosity?

A
the amount of energy a star emits in a unit of time
B
the brightness of a star as seen from Earth
C
the average temperature of a star during its life cycle
D
the degree of shift toward the red end of the spectrum
14

What occurs as energy is transferred through the radiative zone of the Sun? Check all that apply.

A
Gamma rays are produced.
B
Photons are absorbed and reemitted.
C
Energy is transferred through the large-scale movement of material.
D
Photons are scattered in many directions.
E
Energy is released into the photosphere.
15

Solar winds have an influence all the way to about 160 AU from the Sun. About how many kilometers is that?

A
24,000,000,000 km
B
48,000,000,000 km
C
240,000,000,000 km
D
480,000,000,000 km

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