AnswersCA-Biology A-CRUnit Test

Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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Which flow chart correctly organizes the structures of heredity, from least to most complex?

A
codon ® gene ® DNA ® chromosome
B
gene ® chromosome ® codon ® DNA
C
DNA ® codon ® chromosome ® gene
D
chromosome ® DNA ® gene ® codon
2
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A mutation causes a sequence of DNA that has the nucleotides TTG to be changed to TCG. The resulting protein has a different sequence of amino acids. Which type of mutation is this?

A
missense
B
nonsense
C
silent
D
frameshift
3

A strand of DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, cytosine, and guanine, in that order. Which would be the order of the bases on the opposite strand of DNA?

A
cytosine, adenine, adenine, and thymine
B
cytosine, thymine, thymine, and adenine
C
thymine, guanine, guanine, and cytosine
D
thymine, adenine, adenine, and cytosine
4

Which base is found only in DNA?

A
adenine
B
guanine
C
cytosine
D
thymine
5

Photo 51 is a picture of the structure of DNA that was used to create a model of DNA. Who created the photo?

A
James Watson and Francis Crick
B
Erwin Chargaff
C
Rosalind Franklin
D
Friedrich Miescher
6

Which best describes a codon?

A
a cell structure that gives the master instructions for an organism
B
a segment of DNA that is the basis of heredity in organisms
C
the sequence of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid
D
the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
7

Which accurately describes the relationship between cancer risk and exposure to mutagens?

A
Cancer risk decreases when a person is exposed to mutagens because the risk of DNA mutation decreases as well.
B
Cancer risk increases when a person is exposed to mutagens because the risk of DNA mutations increases as well.
C
Cancer risk increases when a person is exposed to mutagens because the risk of DNA mutations decreases considerably.
D
Cancer risk decreases when a person is exposed to mutagens because the risk of DNA mutations increases considerably.
8

Missense, nonsense, and silent mutations are examples of which type of mutation?

A
substitution
B
insertion
C
deletion
D
replication
9

Which of the following difference between DNA and RNA allows them to perform their unique functions?

A
DNA contains ribose, while RNA contains deoxyribose.
B
DNA is single-stranded, whereas RNA is double-stranded.
C
DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.
D
RNA is found only in the nucleus, while DNA is found only in the cytoplasm.
10

Many different types of mutations can occur within the body. An individual experiences a mutation that changes a base in a mRNA strand, but during translation the mRNA strand still creates the same protein. Which type of mutation is responsible for the change in the mRNA base?

A
silent
B
missense
C
nonsense
D
insertion
11

What does DNA provide the code for?

A
nitrogenous base pairing
B
protein synthesis
C
deoxyribose formation
D
nucleotide synthesis
12

What will happen if RNA polymerase fails to attach to the promoter?

A
Translation will begin early.
B
Transcription will not begin.
C
RNA polymerase will unwind DNA strands.
D
An mRNA strand will be made before translation begins.
13

The structure of DNA resembles a twisted ladder. Which structural components form the rungs of the ladder?

A
deoxyribose sugars
B
phosphate groups
C
nitrogenous base pairs
D
ribosomes
14

What purpose does the peptide bond serve in protein synthesis?

A
It connects amino acids.
B
It adds a water molecule to the amino acid chain.
C
It releases the protein from the tRNA.
D
It makes a strand of mRNA.
15

Which carries the code for protein synthesis from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm?

A
DNA
B
tRNA
C
rRNA
D
mRNA

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