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Human Evolution — Unit test Answers

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Why do a chicken embryo and a cow embryo look very similar even though the adults do not?

A
They are not related, but still have similar development.
B
They are distantly related, so their development is similar.
C
The embryos mutate in utero to form different structures.
D
The genetic makeup of the two species changes during development.
2
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Consider the group of giraffes in the image below.Which statement about the giraffes explains their evolution based on Charles Darwin’s main points?

Question illustration
A
The closest fossil ancestor to these giraffes would have a very short neck.
B
All three of the giraffes have an equal chance of reproducing regardless of the environment.
C
As a giraffe reached for food, the giraffe could make its neck longer making it better adapted to the environment.
D
Long necks were a random genetic change and resulted in the gradual increase of organisms with long necks.
3

Which is an example of temporal isolation?

A
flowers that bloom in different months
B
birds that have different mating calls
C
fruit flies that mate in different locations
D
squirrels that have different fur colors
4

Changes in the gene pool can occur due to various mechanisms. In 1989, a large oil spill occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, when the Exxon Valdez oil tanker ran aground. Approximately 11 million gallons of oil were spilled and spread 1,300 miles along the Alaskan coastline. The damage from the oil spill affected thousands of animals in the area, including killer whales, harbor seals, sea otters, fish, and sea birds. Which mechanism most likely affected the gene pools of the organism populations in the areas around the oil spill?

A
genetic drift
B
gene flow
C
gene mutation
D
genetic variation
5

What hypothesis did Darwin investigate by studying the breeding of pigeons with distinctive traits?

A
New species can appear gradually through small changes in an ancestral species.
B
The amount of variation in a population is related to the type of environment it lives in.
C
Organisms have only the number of offspring that are supported by the environment.
D
Some traits appear in each generation, while others seem to disappear in some generations.
6

Carlos is collecting data about the length of earthworms in his backyard. The shortest worm he found is 4 inches long; the longest worm is 8 inches long. If most of the worms are either short or long, which type of distribution is displayed in the population?

A
directional
B
disruptive
C
stabilizing
D
normal
7

In rock layers, jellyfish fossils are found lower than trilobite fossils, and trilobite fossils are found lower than ammonite fossils. What can be determined from this information?

A
Trilobites existed before jellyfish and ammonites.
B
Jellyfish existed before trilobites and ammonites.
C
Ammonites existed before trilobites and jellyfish.
D
Jellyfish, trilobites, and ammonites lived together.
8

Variations within a species are an important part of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Which example can be explained by individual variation?

A
The food source in a lake is not enough to support the bass population, but it can support the trout.
B
A population of brown bears has doubled in the past 10 years as its habitat size has increased.
C
Owls and foxes compete fiercely against each other for small rodents in their habitat.
D
Brightly colored cardinals are better able to survive and to reproduce than darker cardinals.
9

In pea plants, purple flower color, C, is dominant to white flower color, c. The table shows the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles in three generations of peas in a garden. Generation 1 has 200 flowers, generation 2 has 400, and generation 3 has 400. Allele Frequency for Flower Color in PeasGenerationpq10.50.520.60.430.70.3Which best describes the number of flowers?

A
Generation 1 has more white flowers than generation 2.
B
Generation 3 has more white flowers than generation 2.
C
Generation 2 has fewer purple flowers than generation 1.
D
Generation 1 has fewer purple flowers than generation 3.
10

Consider the cladogram.Which is the best description of the two organisms highlighted in orange?

Question illustration
A
They are separated by two nodes.
B
They share a recent common ancestor.
C
They belong to the same species.
D
They are ancestors of each other.
11

Consider the brains of species A and species B to scale. Species A Species BSuppose that species A and species B have the same body size. Knowing this information, what can be determined from the pictures?

Question illustration
A
Species B is more intelligent and has a better memory than species A.
B
Species B can process sensory information more quickly than species A.
C
Species A is able to rationalize thoughts more effectively than species B.
D
Species A's brain is smaller for its body size than the brain of species B.
12

These notes were taken during a class about biological evolution, but the subject title is missing. -results from immigration -new genes brought into a population -variation in a population increasesWhat do the notes describe?

A
gene flow
B
natural selection
C
genetic drift
D
mutation
13

What will happen to the frequency of the recessive allele for the HbS gene when there is an outbreak of malaria?

A
The frequency will increase.
B
The frequency will decrease.
C
The frequency will remain constant.
D
It is impossible to predict how the allele frequency will change.
E
The frequency will be cut in half with each generation.
14

A student argues that two species of birds are the same species because they have similar body structures, similar DNA, and similar beaks. Another student argues that the birds are different species because they have different color patterns and have a different mating season. Which piece of evidence supports the second student's argument?

A
The birds have similar body structure.
B
The birds have similar beaks.
C
The birds have different color variations.
D
The birds have different mating seasons.
15

Darwin’s finches evolved on an island. What is the main reason that islands often provide good examples of evolution?

A
They have many niches.
B
They have many organisms that live on them.
C
They allow for automatic biogeographic isolation.
D
They allow for many variations to exist in species.

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