AnswersBiology_B_IC_AltEvolutionary Relationships

Evolutionary Relationships — Unit test Answers

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These notes were taken during a class about biological evolution, but the subject title is missing. -results from immigration -new genes brought into a population -variation in a population increasesWhat do the notes describe?

A
gene flow
B
natural selection
C
genetic drift
D
mutation
2
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It can be seen on a cladogram that modern birds and reptiles share a common ancestor. Select the piece of evidence that best supports this idea.

A
Reptiles are also related to mammals.
B
Birds have evolved into many groups.
C
Feathers are a derived characteristic that first evolved in reptiles.
D
Birds have the derived characteristic of being warm blooded, like mammals.
3

The fossil record shows that the average size of black bears was large during cold glacial periods and got smaller during warmer time periods. What is this an example of?

A
directional selection
B
disruptive selection
C
ecosystem selection
D
stabilizing selection
4

A student argues that two species of birds are the same species because they have similar body structures, similar DNA, and similar beaks. Another student argues that the birds are different species because they have different color patterns and have a different mating season. Which piece of evidence supports the second student's argument?

A
The birds have similar body structure.
B
The birds have similar beaks.
C
The birds have different color variations.
D
The birds have different mating seasons.
5

In rock layers, jellyfish fossils are found lower than trilobite fossils, and trilobite fossils are found lower than ammonite fossils. What can be determined from this information?

A
Trilobites existed before jellyfish and ammonites.
B
Jellyfish existed before trilobites and ammonites.
C
Ammonites existed before trilobites and jellyfish.
D
Jellyfish, trilobites, and ammonites lived together.
6

What will happen to the frequency of the recessive allele for the HbS gene when there is an outbreak of malaria?

A
The frequency will increase.
B
The frequency will decrease.
C
The frequency will remain constant.
D
It is impossible to predict how the allele frequency will change.
E
The frequency will be cut in half with each generation.
7

What hypothesis did Darwin investigate by studying the breeding of pigeons with distinctive traits?

A
New species can appear gradually through small changes in an ancestral species.
B
The amount of variation in a population is related to the type of environment it lives in.
C
Organisms have only the number of offspring that are supported by the environment.
D
Some traits appear in each generation, while others seem to disappear in some generations.
8

Consider the cladogram.According to the cladogram, which characteristic was used to separate bony fish from amphibians?

Question illustration
A
jaws
B
cartilage
C
bony skeleton
D
lungs
9

Why do a chicken embryo and a cow embryo look very similar even though the adults do not?

A
They are not related, but still have similar development.
B
They are distantly related, so their development is similar.
C
The embryos mutate in utero to form different structures.
D
The genetic makeup of the two species changes during development.
10

Which factors affect natural selection?

A
inheritance, isolation, adaptation
B
variation, overpopulation, adaptation
C
isolation, overpopulation, speciation
D
variation, inheritance, speciation
11

Consider the generalized cladogram of fish.Osteichthyes is a group of fish that have the derived characteristics of jaws and true bones. Which letter corresponds to where Osteichthyes belongs on the cladogram?

Question illustration
A
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
12

A founding population of lizards arrives on an island. Which type of isolation would most likely result in this population becoming a new species?

A
temporal
B
geographical
C
anatomical
D
behavioral
13

Consider the group of giraffes in the image below.Which statement about the giraffes explains their evolution based on Charles Darwin’s main points?

Question illustration
A
The closest fossil ancestor to these giraffes would have a very short neck.
B
All three of the giraffes have an equal chance of reproducing regardless of the environment.
C
As a giraffe reached for food, the giraffe could make its neck longer making it better adapted to the environment.
D
Long necks were a random genetic change and resulted in the gradual increase of organisms with long necks.
14

Which of these are most likely homologous structures? bat wing dragonfly wing Tyrannosaurus arm

Question illustration
A
bat wing and dragonfly wing
B
bat wing and Tyrannosaurus arm
C
dragonfly wing and Tyrannosaurus arm
D
bat wing, dragonfly wing, and Tyrannosaurus arm
15

Darwin’s finches evolved on an island. What is the main reason that islands often provide good examples of evolution?

A
They have many niches.
B
They have many organisms that live on them.
C
They allow for automatic biogeographic isolation.
D
They allow for many variations to exist in species.

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