AnswersOC27 EarthSpace Sci-2001310-S1-NelsonEarth's Interior

Earth's Interior — Unit test Answers

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Substance X transfers thermal energy to substance Y through conduction. What is an accurate conclusion about the condition of both substances before conduction occurred?

A
Their molecules had the same amount of energy.
B
The substances were the same temperature.
C
Substance X’s molecules were faster than substance Y’s.
D
Substance X was cooler than substance Y.
2
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The table shows the thickness, top density, and bottom density of the different layers of the Earth. Thickness (km)Density (g/cm3)Types of Rock FoundTopBottomCrust302.22.9Silicic rocksUpper mantle7203.44.4PeridotiteLower mantle2,1714.45.6Magnesium and silicon oxidesOuter core2,2599.912.2Iron+oxygenInner core1,22112.813.1Iron+oxygen

A
As depth increases, the density of the layers increases.
B
As depth increases, the density of the layers decreases.
C
As depth increases, the thickness of the layers increases.
D
As depth increases, the thickness of the layers decreases.
3

Which describes the movement of a fluid during convection?

A
Warm and cool fluids rise.
B
Warm and cool fluids sink.
C
Warm fluid rises and cool fluid sinks.
D
Warm fluid sinks and cool fluid rises.
4

In the heat equation, what does Q represent?

A
heat required to raise the temperature
B
specific heat of the substance
C
mass of the substance
D
change in temperature
5

The chart shows the temperatures of four different substances.

Question illustration
A
15
B
18
C
20
D
25
6

Which statement best explains why Earth’s outer core is in liquid form?

A
The iron-nickel alloy melts due to hot temperatures.
B
The outer core has a tarry consistency.
C
This region is less dense when compared to the mantle.
D
This region is under extreme pressure from the weight of other layers.
7

Temperatures of four liquid substances are shown in the chart.

Question illustration
A
Substance X will transfer thermal energy to substance Y mainly through radiation if they are mixed.
B
Substance Y will transfer thermal energy to substance Z through conduction if they are mixed.
C
Substance X will transfer thermal energy to substance W through radiation if they are placed near each other.
D
Substance W will transfer thermal energy to substance X through conduction if they are mixed.
8

Which example is indirect evidence used to study Earth’s interior?

A
composition of minerals in a rock
B
age of a rock from within Earth
C
location of an earthquake’s epicenter
D
texture of different core samples
9

Which best describes the relationship between internal energy and thermal energy?

A
Thermal energy is a measure of the internal energy of a substance.
B
Internal energy is a measure of the thermal energy of a substance.
C
Internal energy is the portion of thermal energy that can be transferred.
D
Thermal energy is the portion of internal energy that can be transferred.
10

A substance has a specific heat of 0.870 J/g°C. It requires 2,000.0 joules to increase the temperature of 10.0 grams of the substance from its original temperature to its final temperature.

A
87.0°C
B
174°C
C
230°C
D
1,740°C
11

Allen made a diagram to compare radiation and conduction.

Question illustration
A
Must involve temperature differences between substances or objects
B
Occurs when molecules are in direct contact
C
Involves the movement of fluids based on density differences
D
Can occur where there is little or no matter
12

Why do scientists study seismographs?

A
to learn about different rock samples
B
to determine the location of an epicenter
C
to analyze mineral content from Earth’s crust
D
to observe temperature changes on Earth’s surface

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