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The Nature of Chemistry — Unit test Answers

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A student is creating a table that compares theories, hypotheses, and laws. TheoryHypothesisLawIs testable Is falsifiable Is used to make predictions Provides explanations In which row should the student enter “Yes” in the columns for Theory and Hypothesis only?

A
Is testable
B
Is falsifiable
C
Is used to make predictions
D
Provides explanations
2
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In the human body, a series of chemical reactions results in the making of energy that is used at both the cellular and organismal levels. In which course would a person most likely study these chemical reactions?

A
biochemistry
B
geochemistry
C
materials chemistry
D
physical chemistry
3

The use of lead paint in houses was banned in 1978 due to the health hazards associated with lead, specifically that high levels of lead exposure is dangerous to humans. Which branch of chemistry would study this?

A
environmental chemistry
B
agricultural chemistry
C
biochemistry
D
both environmental chemistry and biochemistry
4

What would a chemist most likely study about a car?

A
The amount of rotations of the wheel that occur in 1 mile.
B
The reaction of gasoline combustion in the engine.
C
The accuracy of the speedometer.
D
The strength of the car frame.
5

A series of experiments, which are repeated over and over, seem to suggest that a scientific theory is incorrect. What does this most likely mean?

A
The experiments were faulty.
B
The scientist was manipulating the results.
C
The theory must be revised.
D
The results should be modified to agree with the theory.
6

Sarah carried out an experiment to test a hypothesis. Some of her data supported the hypothesis, but some refuted it. What is the best thing for Sarah to do next?

A
Revise her hypothesis, and then retest it.
B
Assume the refuting data are invalid, and ignore them.
C
Change her data so that they support her hypothesis.
D
Reject her hypothesis completely, and start over.
7

The traits of science and pseudoscience are shown in the table.NumberTrait1Lacks evidence2Supported by evidence3Subjective4Objective5Unresponsive to new information6Continually updatedWhich traits are those of science?

A
2, 3, and 6
B
1, 3, and 5
C
1, 4, and 6
D
2, 4, and 6
8

Quarks are thought to be the building blocks of protons. Which was most affected by the discovery of the quark?

A
the estimated mass of a proton
B
the observation that protons have a +1 charge
C
the view that the atom cannot be broken down further than protons
D
the theory that the nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons
9

Scientists described light as a wave because the results of many experiments with light demonstrated that light behaves as a wave. Light is now described as having properties of both a wave and a particle. What is the most likely reason why this change was made?

A
Enough scientists voted to accept the change.
B
Data collected from many experiments could not be explained using waves.
C
A well-known scientist published a paper that described light as a particle.
D
A single experiment’s results demonstrated both wave and particle properties.
10

Microscopes are used to study the structures of rocks. Over time, microscopes have become more and more powerful. As a result of this technological improvement, our structural information of rocks

A
now includes fewer minerals.
B
has become increasingly detailed.
C
has become increasingly debatable.
D
now includes the location of electrons.
11

Which will most likely lead to new scientific discoveries in future years?

A
current scientific knowledge
B
current science fiction movies
C
reduction of the elementary school science curriculum
D
rejection of all new scientific ideas
12

Which trait would most likely lead a scientist to investigate a blood-thinning agent in the saliva of vampire bats?

A
creativity
B
curiosity
C
diversity
D
skepticism

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