AnswersScience 8Evolutionary Relationships

Evolutionary Relationships — Unit test Answers

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1
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The chart shows shared characteristics of five organisms. Which organism has the weakest relationship to the gorilla?

Question illustration
A
tiger
B
shark
C
lizard
D
salamander
2
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During natural selection, which organisms are most likely to survive as the environment changes?

A
ones that can best adapt to and survive in the changed environment
B
ones that can adapt to the original environment
C
ones that are randomly selected for survival independent of the environment
D
ones that are randomly selected for survival in the changed environment
3

A population of rabbits inhabits an island that has an active volcano. The volcano erupted and covered the island destroying most of the food resources available for animals living in the area. As the island recovers, the soil no longer allows for these food resources to grow.

A
There will be fewer predators that eat the rabbits, so the rabbit population will quickly grow.
B
Other animals will eat less food, so the rabbit population will remain stable.
C
The rabbits will adapt to eating very little food, so the population will increase slowly over time.
D
Few rabbits will be able to find food, so the population will die off and become extinct.
4

According to embryology, which three species have the closest common ancestor?

A
insects, birds, and fish
B
amphibians, mammals, and birds
C
reptiles, amphibians, and bacteria
D
insects, bacteria, and reptiles
5

The image shows two different species. Which is a shared characteristic of these two species?

Question illustration
A
tail
B
scales
C
hair
D
body shape
6

Which statement best describes the fossil record?

A
It is a complete record.
B
It is an incomplete record.
C
Most fossils are older than five billion years.
D
All fossils are younger than six hundred years.
7

Consider how to complete this timeline to show the order in which different evolutionary ideas were developed.

Question illustration
A
Z, X, Y
B
Y, Z, W
C
W, X, Z
D
Y, Z, X
8

What caused natural selection among the peppered moths of Manchester, England?

A
natural environmental changes
B
human-caused environmental changes
C
genetic stability in the population
D
resource stability in the population
9

Compared to absolute dating, what is a disadvantage of relative dating?

A
Fossils must be in undisturbed rock layers to determine age.
B
Age, in years, cannot be determined for an individual fossil.
C
Age can be determined by comparing the depth of one rock layer to another.
D
Two or more fossils must be compared to determine age.
10

What did Darwin think about Earth and life while he was forming his theory of evolution?

A
Earth changes slowly over time, so populations might also.
B
Earth might cause rapid changes in the traits of individuals.
C
Earth cannot sustain large populations, so many animals become extinct.
D
Earth does not change much, so populations must adapt to survive.
11

According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, in which order do the steps of natural selection happen?

A
Some members of a population survive and reproduce, their environment or location changes, and favorable traits are passed on to offspring.
B
A population’s environment or location changes, some members survive and reproduce, and favorable traits are passed on to offspring.
C
Favorable traits are passed on to offspring in a population, some members survive and reproduce, and the environment or location changes.
D
Some members of a population survive and reproduce, favorable traits are passed on to offspring, and their environment or location changes.
12

[BLANK]

A
genetic mutation
B
natural selection
C
population growth
D
asexual reproduction
13

This fossil shows tunnels left after animals burrowed through the sediment.

Question illustration
A
It is a mold, because it shows empty spaces in the organisms' shapes.
B
It is a cast, because it shows empty spaces in the organisms' shapes.
C
It is a trace, because it shows evidence of animal activity.
D
It is an imprint, because it shows evidence of animal activity.
14

The fossil record helps scientists identify a single species from which other organisms have descended. Which is used to refer to this single species?

A
parent organism
B
fossils
C
descendant
D
common ancestor
15

Study the diagram shown.

Question illustration
A
homologous structures
B
embryological structures
C
bestial structures
D
analogous structures

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