Answers24 - 25 CR - Biology B 0411KBBiological Evidence and the Fossil Record

Biological Evidence and the Fossil Record — Unit test Answers

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Study the diagram of the geologic time scale.Which method is most likely used to identify what happened before the start of the Paleozoic era?

Question illustration
A
Scientists study fossils from the Jurassic period.
B
Scientists observe index fossil records of the Mesozoic era.
C
Scientists examine fossil evidence during the Precambrian time.
D
Scientists explore the emergence of mammals and humans in the Cenozoic era.
2
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For which object would a geologist use carbon-14 dating to determine age?

A
The bones of animals
B
Rocks older than 50,000 years old
C
Types of Sedimentary rocks
D
Parts of Volcanic rock
3

Why are the Miller-Urey experiments essential to the theory of evolution?

A
They showed that life can only come from life.
B
They showed that electricity can create life.
C
They showed how organic molecules could be made from Earth's early atmosphere.
D
They showed the role that natural selection played in the evolution of modern day organisms.
4

Which best explains a primary reason for the inability of life to exist in Earth’s early atmosphere?

A
There was insufficient energy from material collisions to change their density.
B
High temperatures during Precambrian time caused surface water evaporation.
C
Volcanic eruptions and comet collisions added different gases to the atmosphere.
D
Available oxygen was used to help create an ozone layer within Earth’s atmosphere.
5

The image shows flat sedimentary rock layers in the foreground and angled sedimentary rock layers in the background.

Question illustration
A
They cracked at an angle.
B
They were deposited at an angle.
C
They were deposited vertically and then shifted by a geologic event.
D
They were deposited horizontally and then shifted by a geologic event.
6

Which correctly lists the three isotopes that geologists measure to determine the age of an organism’s remains?

A
argon, nitrogen, and carbon-12
B
carbon-14, nitrogen, and carbon-12
C
nitrogen, potassium, and carbon-14
D
carbon-12, potassium, and argon
7

Which feature causes a gap in the geologic record?

A
extrusion
B
fault
C
intrusion
D
erosion
8

How might an entire insect be preserved?

A
Soft and hard tissues turn the insect into rock.
B
Tree sap flows over the insect and hardens.
C
Sediment accumulates over the insect and hardens.
D
Carbon from the decaying insect leaves a print on a rock.
9

Which is the first step in the process during the formation of molded fossils?

A
Sediment hardens into rock.
B
Sediment is eroded from rock.
C
Organisms are buried under sediment.
D
Organisms' shapes are preserved in rock.
10

Scientists notice structural similarities between fossils of a land animal and an aquatic organism. They know the similarities are not a result of the two organisms having to adapt to similar environments. What can they attribute the structural similarities to?

A
convergent evolution
B
common ancestry
C
transitional evolution
D
similar mating habits
11

After two half-lives, how much of the original material has decayed?

A
25 percent
B
50 percent
C
75 percent
D
100 percent
12

Which best describes the fossil record?

A
The fossil record cannot provide evidence of evolution.
B
The fossil record provides evidence of a common ancestor to many species.
C
The fossil record provides evidence that disputes the theory of evolution.
D
The fossil record is inaccurate because scientists are not able to date fossils.
13

Which best describes eras and periods?

A
Eras have a smaller time span than periods.
B
Eras and periods are independent of each other.
C
Eras and periods both appear at the start of the Cambrian period.
D
Eras were more recently established on the time scale than periods.
14

Thylacosmilus is a marsupial, and Smilodon is a mammal. Thylacosmilus and Smilodon both have saber teeth, but they do not share an ancestor that had saber teeth. What are saber teeth for these organisms?

A
analogous structures
B
homologous structures
C
vestigial structures
D
mutated structures
15

Which information can be determined using half-life?

A
age of material
B
type of particle released
C
percentage of rock that has aged
D
number of radioactive particles left
16

Which phrase describes the relative age of a rock?

A
uses the law of superposition to determine which rock is older or younger
B
can determine the age based on location of a rock within the same layer
C
requires only one rock to determine the age
D
can provide the exact age of a rock
17

Which evidence suggests that several mass extinctions have occurred during Earth's history?

A
Fossils provide information about water level and temperature.
B
Many fossils demonstrate that organisms have changed over time.
C
Fossils of the same species have been found on distant continents.
D
Many fossils of organisms that are no longer living have been discovered.
18

The image shows cross-cutting relationships. B, W, E, and K represent rock layers, and Q represents a fault.

Question illustration
A
Layer K is the oldest.
B
Layer W is the youngest.
C
Fault Q occurred before layer K was deposited.
D
Layers B, W, and E were deposited after fault Q occurred.
19

Which is one piece of information that fossils in samples from Earth’s crust reveal about Earth’s history?

A
changes in climate
B
number of species at a specific time
C
composition of Earth’s core
D
age of organisms when they died
20

Which unit of geologic time began 65.5 million years ago and continues to the present?

A
Cenozoic era
B
Mesozoic era
C
Permian period
D
Precambrian time

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