Lab: Modeling Water Erosion — Unit test Answers

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1
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The image shows flat sedimentary rock layers in the foreground and angled sedimentary rock layers in the background.

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A
They cracked at an angle.
B
They were deposited at an angle.
C
They were deposited vertically and then shifted by a geologic event.
D
They were deposited horizontally and then shifted by a geologic event.
2
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Which indicates how evidence of climate change supports the theory of continental drift?

A
coal fields in several continents
B
volcano formation
C
glacial evidence found in South Africa
D
folded mountains in Africa and South America
3

How did Wegener explain why fossils of land animals were found on continents that are across oceans from one another?

A
Animals evolved separately on each continent.
B
Land bridges existed between the continents.
C
Animals swam across the ocean to new continents.
D
Continents were once one landmass and have drifted apart.
4

Which plate forms a boundary with the African Plate?

Question illustration
A
Pacific
B
South American
C
Nazca
D
Philippine
5

The image shows cross-cutting relationships. B, W, E, and K represent rock layers, and Q represents a fault.

Question illustration
A
Layer K is the oldest.
B
Layer W is the youngest.
C
Fault Q occurred before layer K was deposited.
D
Layers B, W, and E were deposited after fault Q occurred.
6

Which sequence of processes transports water from the atmosphere to the ocean and then back into a cloud?

A
precipitation ® condensation ® transpiration
B
evaporation ® condensation ® sublimation
C
precipitation ® evaporation ® condensation
D
evaporation ® precipitation ® condensation
7

Which characteristic best distinguishes runoff and infiltration?

A
Runoff involves condensation and infiltration involves evaporation.
B
Runoff occurs over land and infiltration occurs underground.
C
Runoff occurs during floods and infiltration occurs during drought.
D
Runoff describes water movement and infiltration describes water storage.
8

Which feature is created by deposition from rivers?

A
rills
B
meanders
C
alluvial fans
D
gullies
9

Which formation is one feature of karst topography?

A
caves
B
kettles
C
meanders
D
oxbow lakes
10

What may occur when convergent boundaries interact?

A
formation of island chains
B
creation of mid-ocean ridges
C
creation of convection currents
D
formation of rift valleys
11

Which statement about water best illustrates the property of adhesion?

A
water droplet found on a spider web in the morning
B
water molecules in a drop of dew
C
water is necessary for animal respiration
D
water dissolving salt into a solution
13

How do erosion and deposition work together to form sand dunes?

A
Waves cause erosion along coastlines and deposit sand away from the shore.
B
Erosion occurs as surface water carries sediment and the sediment is deposited near oceans and lakes.
C
Glaciers cause erosion through the movement of large chunks of ice, which are deposited and form depressions.
D
Erosion occurs through deflation, and sand that was picked up is deposited against an obstruction.
14

Which statement best describes the theory of plate tectonics?

A
Plates sometimes move closer to one another.
B
Sections of Earth that shift are part of Earth’s asthenosphere.
C
Sections of Earth’s continents are in slow, constant movement.
D
Parts of the ocean floor move as they are carried by rift valleys.
15

Which statement describes one of Wegener’s ideas that contributed to the theory of continental drift?

A
The continents drifted apart due to repeated meteor impacts.
B
The continents were once connected as one landmass.
C
The continents have moved apart very quickly due to earthquakes.
D
The continents are magnetically pulled toward or pushed away from one another.
17

How do erosion and deposition work together to create a moraine?

A
Waves cause erosion along coastlines and deposit sand away from the shore.
B
Surface water in rivers causes erosion, carrying sediment that gets deposited near an ocean.
C
Glaciers cause erosion as they melt, carrying sediment that gets deposited in a thick layer.
D
Winds cause erosion by blowing around sand that gets deposited in large piles.
18

Which phrase describes the relative age of a rock?

A
uses the law of superposition to determine which rock is older or younger
B
can determine the age based on location of a rock within the same layer
C
requires only one rock to determine the age
D
can provide the exact age of a rock
20

When were Earth’s landmasses first recognizable as the continents we know today?

A
10 million years ago
B
135 million years ago
C
180 million years ago
D
300 million years ago

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