AnswersGA-GSE Earth Systems BEarth's Climate History

Earth's Climate History — Unit test Answers

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1
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What statement is accurate based on the study of tree rings?

A
Trees near the arctic will have thicker rings than those near the equator.
B
Trees with a pattern of thin rings indicate a wet, warm climate.
C
Size and density of tree rings can give information on past climates.
D
The number of rings indicate how much fruit the tree can bear.
2
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Which substance may lower air temperatures after a volcanic eruption?

A
lava
B
sulfur dioxide
C
carbon dioxide
D
water vapor
3

What happens when volcanoes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere?

A
The climate gets warmer.
B
The climate gets cooler.
C
Winter becomes longer.
D
Summer becomes longer.
4

How do scientists use ice to study ancient climates?

A
through glacial deposits and ice cores
B
through glacial deposits and ice ages
C
through ice cores and Earth’s ellipse
D
through Earth’s ellipse and ice ages
5

In what type of climate do trees produce narrower rings?

A
cool and dry
B
warm and wet
C
cool and wet
D
warm and dry
6

Which factors of Earth’s position would contribute to long-term climate change?

A
its elliptical orbit and the tilt on its axis
B
its distance from other planets and the tilt on its axis
C
the tilt on its axis and its distance from the moon
D
its distance from the moon and its elliptical orbit
7

Which statement best explains how tectonic activity affects long-term climate change?

A
Volcanic eruptions change Earth’s tilt, which is responsible for the seasons.
B
The movement of continents changes wind patterns and ocean currents.
C
The change in Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun causes climate change.
D
The increase of sunspots increases Earth’s temperature.
8

Mt. Pinatubo, a volcano in the Philippines, erupted in 1991. The eruption resulted in the cooling of Earth’s surface for two years.What can you deduce from the information given?

A
Solar energy seeped through the atmosphere.
B
The eruption caused sunspot activity to increase.
C
The volcano released a lot of sulfur dioxide and ash.
D
Greenhouse gases caused the cooling of Earth’s surface.
9

In what type of climate do trees produce wider rings?

A
cool and dry
B
warm and wet
C
cool and wet
D
warm and dry
10

What most likely caused the ice ages?

A
the size of tree rings and the amount of pollen grains
B
solar flares and gassy ejections from the Sun
C
the tilt of the Earth’s axis and the shape of its orbit
D
the temperatures of the Sun and moon
11

What are sunspots?

A
storms on Earth’s surface
B
storms on the Sun’s surface
C
hot gases on the Sun
D
holes in the Sun
12

How do scientists study pollen grains to help them understand climate change?

A
by analyzing and making inferences about them
B
by observing and listing facts about them
C
by studying and reading more about them
D
by writing hypothesis about them
13

What do scientists study to reconstruct past climate conditions?

A
tree branches, pollen grains, and rain water
B
pollen grains, tree rings, and fossils
C
rain water, tree rings, and fossils
D
fossils, pollen grains, and tree branches
14

What do glaciers deposit that helps scientists study ancient climates?

A
plants that produce pollen grains
B
rocks formed from lava
C
sediment that contains fossils
D
animals that migrate
15

Pollen grains help scientists

A
identify plants and make assumptions on past climate conditions.
B
understand tree growth and make assumptions on past climate conditions.
C
understand how Earth was shaped and make assumptions on past climate conditions.
D
identify major ice ages and make assumptions on past climate conditions.
16

What is the relationship between Earth's temperature and the number of sunspots that occur?

A
An increased number of sunspots causes an increase in Earth's temperature.
B
A decreased number of sunspots causes an increase in Earth's temperature.
C
An increased number of sunspots causes Earth's temperature to remain constant.
D
A decreased number of sunspots causes Earth's temperature to remain constant.
17

What is a fossil?

A
the remains of an animal or plant preserved within a layer of rock
B
a large body of compacted ice formed over thousands of years
C
the energy radiated from the Sun
D
a change in the structure of Earth's surface
18

Which played a major role in altering wind patterns and ocean currents?

A
volcanic eruptions
B
ice ages
C
movement of continents
D
solar flares
19

What should scientists consider when studying tree rings to understand the variations in the local climate?

A
patterns in their width, their density, and their composition
B
odor from the wood, patterns in their width, and their density
C
their composition, odor from the wood, and patterns in their width
D
their density, composition, and location
20

What is one cause of long-lasting climate change?

A
glacial deposits
B
Earth’s elliptical orbit
C
Earth’s rotation
D
the Sun’s elliptical orbit

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