AnswersEO Chemistry 7320CUnit Test

Unit Test — Unit test Answers

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O-18, an isotope of oxygen, has a stable nucleus. O-19, another isotope of oxygen, does not have a stable nucleus. Based on this information, which statement is correct?

A
O-19 is radioactive; O-18 is not radioactive.
B
O-19 has a mass defect; O-18 does not have a mass defect.
C
O-19 has a nuclear binding energy; O-18 does not have a nuclear binding energy.
D
O-19 has more neutrons than protons; O-18 has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.
2
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A target is shielded from a radioactive sample by a sheet of metal. What kind of radiation can pass through the sheet of metal and hit the target?

A
gamma rays only
B
gamma rays and beta particles
C
beta particles only
D
beta particles and alpha particles
3

Which type of reaction does this diagram represent?

Question illustration
A
nuclear fission because an atom is splitting into two fragments
B
nuclear fusion because the products that are produced are radioactive
C
nuclear fission because a large amount of energy is being released
D
nuclear fusion because atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus
4

Which environmental hazard is directly related to nuclear power production?

A
land stripping
B
global warming
C
radiation leakage
D
soil erosion
5

Which best describes a chain reaction associated with a nuclear reaction?

A
Neutrons released during a fusion reaction cause other nuclei to fuse.
B
Neutrons released during a fission reaction cause other nuclei to split.
C
Helium nuclei released during a fission reaction cause other nuclei to split.
D
Helium nuclei released during a fusion reaction cause other nuclei to fuse.
6

An article about half-lives describes a daughter isotope. What is a daughter isotope?

A
the isotope that forms from the radioactive decay of a less stable isotope
B
the isotope that forms from the radioactive decay of a more stable isotope
C
an isotope that undergoes radioactive decay to form a less stable isotope
D
an isotope that undergoes radioactive decay to form a more stable isotope
7

What is the sequence of energy transformations that occur in a nuclear reactor?

A
nuclear energy mechanical energy thermal energy electrical energy
Option A
B
nuclear energy thermal energy mechanical energy electrical energy
Option B
C
thermal energy nuclear energy mechanical energy electrical energy
Option C
D
electrical energy thermal energy mechanical energy nuclear energy
Option D
8

The atomic symbol represents lead-206 (Pb-206), an isotope that has 82 protons and 124 neutrons. Which atomic symbol could represent an isotope that undergoes radioactive decay to produce Pb-206?

Question illustration
A
Superscript 238 subscript 92 upper U.
Option A
B
Superscript 222 Subscript 87 upper P b
Option B
C
Superscript 178 subscript 72 upper H f.
Option C
D
Superscript 192 subscript 77 upper P b.
Option D
9

Examine the nuclear reaction: . Why is this classified as a nuclear reaction rather than a chemical reaction?

Question illustration
A
It is not balanced.
B
A new compound is formed.
C
A change has occurred in a nucleus.
D
A new element has been formed.
10

A mining company wants to build a modern processing plant that is safe for workers. The location of the plant is close to the mining operation, which has inadvertently exposed some sources of radionuclides. Which is the best reason for consulting with a nuclear chemist before building the processing plant?

A
to determine the level of radionuclides present
B
to explain the health concerns that are related to radiation
C
to destroy all the radionuclides in the area immediately
D
to conduct tests to see if workers are affected by radiation
11

Which radioisotope is used as a tracer in nuclear scanning?

A
carbon -14
B
uranium-238
C
technetium-99m
D
iodine-129
12

Which statement is true about the use of radiation to treat cancer?

A
Only weak X-rays can be used.
B
Only powerful X-rays can be used.
C
Only beta particles can be used.
D
Only alpha particles can be used.
13

Which quantity can be calculated using the equation E = mc2?

A
the energy needed to split an atom into separate protons, neutrons, and electrons
B
the energy needed to split the nucleus into separate protons and neutrons
C
the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom
D
the energy needed to add an electron to an atom
14

Which energy transformation occurs in the core of a nuclear reactor?

A
nuclear energy mechanical energy
Option A
B
nuclear energy thermal energy
Option B
C
thermal energy nuclear energy
Option C
D
mechanical energy nuclear energy
Option D
15

Uranium-232 has a half-life of 68.8 years. After 344.0 years, how much uranium-232 will remain from a 100.0-g sample?

A
1.56 g
B
3.13 g
C
5.00 g
D
20.0 g
16

What type of isotope undergoes radioactive decay?

A
one that has a nucleus with the same number of protons and neutrons
B
one that has an unstable nucleus
C
one that has the same number of protons and electrons
D
one that has a stable nucleus
17

What part of an atom is involved in a chemical reaction?

A
proton
B
neutron
C
nucleus
D
electron
18

Disposal of radioactive waste is a major concern in nuclear power production. Which method of disposal is least dangerous?

A
distributing nuclear waste in small quantities in many locations
B
releasing nuclear waste into the atmosphere where living things are not affected
C
encasing nuclear waste in containers that are then taken to remote locations
D
pouring nuclear waste into oceans and larger lakes
19

Which profession is likely to use a radiation shield?

A
dentist
B
astronomer
C
mathematician
D
geologist
20

An isotope undergoes radioactive decay by emitting radiation that has no mass. What other characteristic does the radiation have?

A
some shielding required
B
positive or negative charge
C
low penetrating power
D
no charge

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